diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | include/linux/console.h | 56 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | kernel/printk/nbcon.c | 497 |
2 files changed, 553 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/include/linux/console.h b/include/linux/console.h index a2d37a7a98a8..98210fd01f18 100644 --- a/include/linux/console.h +++ b/include/linux/console.h @@ -175,13 +175,29 @@ enum cons_flags { * struct nbcon_state - console state for nbcon consoles * @atom: Compound of the state fields for atomic operations * + * @req_prio: The priority of a handover request + * @prio: The priority of the current owner + * @unsafe: Console is busy in a non takeover region + * @unsafe_takeover: A hostile takeover in an unsafe state happened in the + * past. The console cannot be safe until re-initialized. + * @cpu: The CPU on which the owner runs + * * To be used for reading and preparing of the value stored in the nbcon * state variable @console::nbcon_state. + * + * The @prio and @req_prio fields are particularly important to allow + * spin-waiting to timeout and give up without the risk of a waiter being + * assigned the lock after giving up. */ struct nbcon_state { union { unsigned int atom; struct { + unsigned int prio : 2; + unsigned int req_prio : 2; + unsigned int unsafe : 1; + unsigned int unsafe_takeover : 1; + unsigned int cpu : 24; }; }; }; @@ -195,6 +211,46 @@ struct nbcon_state { static_assert(sizeof(struct nbcon_state) <= sizeof(int)); /** + * nbcon_prio - console owner priority for nbcon consoles + * @NBCON_PRIO_NONE: Unused + * @NBCON_PRIO_NORMAL: Normal (non-emergency) usage + * @NBCON_PRIO_EMERGENCY: Emergency output (WARN/OOPS...) + * @NBCON_PRIO_PANIC: Panic output + * @NBCON_PRIO_MAX: The number of priority levels + * + * A higher priority context can takeover the console when it is + * in the safe state. The final attempt to flush consoles in panic() + * can be allowed to do so even in an unsafe state (Hope and pray). + */ +enum nbcon_prio { + NBCON_PRIO_NONE = 0, + NBCON_PRIO_NORMAL, + NBCON_PRIO_EMERGENCY, + NBCON_PRIO_PANIC, + NBCON_PRIO_MAX, +}; + +struct console; + +/** + * struct nbcon_context - Context for console acquire/release + * @console: The associated console + * @spinwait_max_us: Limit for spin-wait acquire + * @prio: Priority of the context + * @allow_unsafe_takeover: Allow performing takeover even if unsafe. Can + * be used only with NBCON_PRIO_PANIC @prio. It + * might cause a system freeze when the console + * is used later. + */ +struct nbcon_context { + /* members set by caller */ + struct console *console; + unsigned int spinwait_max_us; + enum nbcon_prio prio; + unsigned int allow_unsafe_takeover : 1; +}; + +/** * struct console - The console descriptor structure * @name: The name of the console driver * @write: Write callback to output messages (Optional) diff --git a/kernel/printk/nbcon.c b/kernel/printk/nbcon.c index 63d24ca62ac5..a2a354f859f9 100644 --- a/kernel/printk/nbcon.c +++ b/kernel/printk/nbcon.c @@ -4,10 +4,98 @@ #include <linux/kernel.h> #include <linux/console.h> +#include <linux/delay.h> #include "internal.h" /* * Printk console printing implementation for consoles which does not depend * on the legacy style console_lock mechanism. + * + * The state of the console is maintained in the "nbcon_state" atomic + * variable. + * + * The console is locked when: + * + * - The 'prio' field contains the priority of the context that owns the + * console. Only higher priority contexts are allowed to take over the + * lock. A value of 0 (NBCON_PRIO_NONE) means the console is not locked. + * + * - The 'cpu' field denotes on which CPU the console is locked. It is used + * to prevent busy waiting on the same CPU. Also it informs the lock owner + * that it has lost the lock in a more complex scenario when the lock was + * taken over by a higher priority context, released, and taken on another + * CPU with the same priority as the interrupted owner. + * + * The acquire mechanism uses a few more fields: + * + * - The 'req_prio' field is used by the handover approach to make the + * current owner aware that there is a context with a higher priority + * waiting for the friendly handover. + * + * - The 'unsafe' field allows to take over the console in a safe way in the + * middle of emitting a message. The field is set only when accessing some + * shared resources or when the console device is manipulated. It can be + * cleared, for example, after emitting one character when the console + * device is in a consistent state. + * + * - The 'unsafe_takeover' field is set when a hostile takeover took the + * console in an unsafe state. The console will stay in the unsafe state + * until re-initialized. + * + * The acquire mechanism uses three approaches: + * + * 1) Direct acquire when the console is not owned or is owned by a lower + * priority context and is in a safe state. + * + * 2) Friendly handover mechanism uses a request/grant handshake. It is used + * when the current owner has lower priority and the console is in an + * unsafe state. + * + * The requesting context: + * + * a) Sets its priority into the 'req_prio' field. + * + * b) Waits (with a timeout) for the owning context to unlock the + * console. + * + * c) Takes the lock and clears the 'req_prio' field. + * + * The owning context: + * + * a) Observes the 'req_prio' field set on exit from the unsafe + * console state. + * + * b) Gives up console ownership by clearing the 'prio' field. + * + * 3) Unsafe hostile takeover allows to take over the lock even when the + * console is an unsafe state. It is used only in panic() by the final + * attempt to flush consoles in a try and hope mode. + * + * The release function simply clears the 'prio' field. + * + * All operations on @console::nbcon_state are atomic cmpxchg based to + * handle concurrency. + * + * The acquire/release functions implement only minimal policies: + * + * - Preference for higher priority contexts. + * - Protection of the panic CPU. + * + * All other policy decisions must be made at the call sites: + * + * - What is marked as an unsafe section. + * - Whether to spin-wait if there is already an owner and the console is + * in an unsafe state. + * - Whether to attempt an unsafe hostile takeover. + * + * The design allows to implement the well known: + * + * acquire() + * output_one_printk_record() + * release() + * + * The output of one printk record might be interrupted with a higher priority + * context. The new owner is supposed to reprint the entire interrupted record + * from scratch. */ /** @@ -48,6 +136,415 @@ static inline bool nbcon_state_try_cmpxchg(struct console *con, struct nbcon_sta } /** + * nbcon_context_try_acquire_direct - Try to acquire directly + * @ctxt: The context of the caller + * @cur: The current console state + * + * Acquire the console when it is released. Also acquire the console when + * the current owner has a lower priority and the console is in a safe state. + * + * Return: 0 on success. Otherwise, an error code on failure. Also @cur + * is updated to the latest state when failed to modify it. + * + * Errors: + * + * -EPERM: A panic is in progress and this is not the panic CPU. + * Or the current owner or waiter has the same or higher + * priority. No acquire method can be successful in + * this case. + * + * -EBUSY: The current owner has a lower priority but the console + * in an unsafe state. The caller should try using + * the handover acquire method. + */ +static int nbcon_context_try_acquire_direct(struct nbcon_context *ctxt, + struct nbcon_state *cur) +{ + unsigned int cpu = smp_processor_id(); + struct console *con = ctxt->console; + struct nbcon_state new; + + do { + if (other_cpu_in_panic()) + return -EPERM; + + if (ctxt->prio <= cur->prio || ctxt->prio <= cur->req_prio) + return -EPERM; + + if (cur->unsafe) + return -EBUSY; + + /* + * The console should never be safe for a direct acquire + * if an unsafe hostile takeover has ever happened. + */ + WARN_ON_ONCE(cur->unsafe_takeover); + + new.atom = cur->atom; + new.prio = ctxt->prio; + new.req_prio = NBCON_PRIO_NONE; + new.unsafe = cur->unsafe_takeover; + new.cpu = cpu; + + } while (!nbcon_state_try_cmpxchg(con, cur, &new)); + + return 0; +} + +static bool nbcon_waiter_matches(struct nbcon_state *cur, int expected_prio) +{ + /* + * The request context is well defined by the @req_prio because: + * + * - Only a context with a higher priority can take over the request. + * - There are only three priorities. + * - Only one CPU is allowed to request PANIC priority. + * - Lower priorities are ignored during panic() until reboot. + * + * As a result, the following scenario is *not* possible: + * + * 1. Another context with a higher priority directly takes ownership. + * 2. The higher priority context releases the ownership. + * 3. A lower priority context takes the ownership. + * 4. Another context with the same priority as this context + * creates a request and starts waiting. + */ + + return (cur->req_prio == expected_prio); +} + +/** + * nbcon_context_try_acquire_requested - Try to acquire after having + * requested a handover + * @ctxt: The context of the caller + * @cur: The current console state + * + * This is a helper function for nbcon_context_try_acquire_handover(). + * It is called when the console is in an unsafe state. The current + * owner will release the console on exit from the unsafe region. + * + * Return: 0 on success and @cur is updated to the new console state. + * Otherwise an error code on failure. + * + * Errors: + * + * -EPERM: A panic is in progress and this is not the panic CPU + * or this context is no longer the waiter. + * + * -EBUSY: The console is still locked. The caller should + * continue waiting. + * + * Note: The caller must still remove the request when an error has occurred + * except when this context is no longer the waiter. + */ +static int nbcon_context_try_acquire_requested(struct nbcon_context *ctxt, + struct nbcon_state *cur) +{ + unsigned int cpu = smp_processor_id(); + struct console *con = ctxt->console; + struct nbcon_state new; + + /* Note that the caller must still remove the request! */ + if (other_cpu_in_panic()) + return -EPERM; + + /* + * Note that the waiter will also change if there was an unsafe + * hostile takeover. + */ + if (!nbcon_waiter_matches(cur, ctxt->prio)) + return -EPERM; + + /* If still locked, caller should continue waiting. */ + if (cur->prio != NBCON_PRIO_NONE) + return -EBUSY; + + /* + * The previous owner should have never released ownership + * in an unsafe region. + */ + WARN_ON_ONCE(cur->unsafe); + + new.atom = cur->atom; + new.prio = ctxt->prio; + new.req_prio = NBCON_PRIO_NONE; + new.unsafe = cur->unsafe_takeover; + new.cpu = cpu; + + if (!nbcon_state_try_cmpxchg(con, cur, &new)) { + /* + * The acquire could fail only when it has been taken + * over by a higher priority context. + */ + WARN_ON_ONCE(nbcon_waiter_matches(cur, ctxt->prio)); + return -EPERM; + } + + /* Handover success. This context now owns the console. */ + return 0; +} + +/** + * nbcon_context_try_acquire_handover - Try to acquire via handover + * @ctxt: The context of the caller + * @cur: The current console state + * + * The function must be called only when the context has higher priority + * than the current owner and the console is in an unsafe state. + * It is the case when nbcon_context_try_acquire_direct() returns -EBUSY. + * + * The function sets "req_prio" field to make the current owner aware of + * the request. Then it waits until the current owner releases the console, + * or an even higher context takes over the request, or timeout expires. + * + * The current owner checks the "req_prio" field on exit from the unsafe + * region and releases the console. It does not touch the "req_prio" field + * so that the console stays reserved for the waiter. + * + * Return: 0 on success. Otherwise, an error code on failure. Also @cur + * is updated to the latest state when failed to modify it. + * + * Errors: + * + * -EPERM: A panic is in progress and this is not the panic CPU. + * Or a higher priority context has taken over the + * console or the handover request. + * + * -EBUSY: The current owner is on the same CPU so that the hand + * shake could not work. Or the current owner is not + * willing to wait (zero timeout). Or the console does + * not enter the safe state before timeout passed. The + * caller might still use the unsafe hostile takeover + * when allowed. + * + * -EAGAIN: @cur has changed when creating the handover request. + * The caller should retry with direct acquire. + */ +static int nbcon_context_try_acquire_handover(struct nbcon_context *ctxt, + struct nbcon_state *cur) +{ + unsigned int cpu = smp_processor_id(); + struct console *con = ctxt->console; + struct nbcon_state new; + int timeout; + int request_err = -EBUSY; + + /* + * Check that the handover is called when the direct acquire failed + * with -EBUSY. + */ + WARN_ON_ONCE(ctxt->prio <= cur->prio || ctxt->prio <= cur->req_prio); + WARN_ON_ONCE(!cur->unsafe); + + /* Handover is not possible on the same CPU. */ + if (cur->cpu == cpu) + return -EBUSY; + + /* + * Console stays unsafe after an unsafe takeover until re-initialized. + * Waiting is not going to help in this case. + */ + if (cur->unsafe_takeover) + return -EBUSY; + + /* Is the caller willing to wait? */ + if (ctxt->spinwait_max_us == 0) + return -EBUSY; + + /* + * Setup a request for the handover. The caller should try to acquire + * the console directly when the current state has been modified. + */ + new.atom = cur->atom; + new.req_prio = ctxt->prio; + if (!nbcon_state_try_cmpxchg(con, cur, &new)) + return -EAGAIN; + + cur->atom = new.atom; + + /* Wait until there is no owner and then acquire the console. */ + for (timeout = ctxt->spinwait_max_us; timeout >= 0; timeout--) { + /* On successful acquire, this request is cleared. */ + request_err = nbcon_context_try_acquire_requested(ctxt, cur); + if (!request_err) + return 0; + + /* + * If the acquire should be aborted, it must be ensured + * that the request is removed before returning to caller. + */ + if (request_err == -EPERM) + break; + + udelay(1); + + /* Re-read the state because some time has passed. */ + nbcon_state_read(con, cur); + } + + /* Timed out or aborted. Carefully remove handover request. */ + do { + /* + * No need to remove request if there is a new waiter. This + * can only happen if a higher priority context has taken over + * the console or the handover request. + */ + if (!nbcon_waiter_matches(cur, ctxt->prio)) + return -EPERM; + + /* Unset request for handover. */ + new.atom = cur->atom; + new.req_prio = NBCON_PRIO_NONE; + if (nbcon_state_try_cmpxchg(con, cur, &new)) { + /* + * Request successfully unset. Report failure of + * acquiring via handover. + */ + cur->atom = new.atom; + return request_err; + } + + /* + * Unable to remove request. Try to acquire in case + * the owner has released the lock. + */ + } while (nbcon_context_try_acquire_requested(ctxt, cur)); + + /* Lucky timing. The acquire succeeded while removing the request. */ + return 0; +} + +/** + * nbcon_context_try_acquire_hostile - Acquire via unsafe hostile takeover + * @ctxt: The context of the caller + * @cur: The current console state + * + * Acquire the console even in the unsafe state. + * + * It can be permitted by setting the 'allow_unsafe_takeover' field only + * by the final attempt to flush messages in panic(). + * + * Return: 0 on success. -EPERM when not allowed by the context. + */ +static int nbcon_context_try_acquire_hostile(struct nbcon_context *ctxt, + struct nbcon_state *cur) +{ + unsigned int cpu = smp_processor_id(); + struct console *con = ctxt->console; + struct nbcon_state new; + + if (!ctxt->allow_unsafe_takeover) + return -EPERM; + + /* Ensure caller is allowed to perform unsafe hostile takeovers. */ + if (WARN_ON_ONCE(ctxt->prio != NBCON_PRIO_PANIC)) + return -EPERM; + + /* + * Check that try_acquire_direct() and try_acquire_handover() returned + * -EBUSY in the right situation. + */ + WARN_ON_ONCE(ctxt->prio <= cur->prio || ctxt->prio <= cur->req_prio); + WARN_ON_ONCE(cur->unsafe != true); + + do { + new.atom = cur->atom; + new.cpu = cpu; + new.prio = ctxt->prio; + new.unsafe |= cur->unsafe_takeover; + new.unsafe_takeover |= cur->unsafe; + + } while (!nbcon_state_try_cmpxchg(con, cur, &new)); + + return 0; +} + +/** + * nbcon_context_try_acquire - Try to acquire nbcon console + * @ctxt: The context of the caller + * + * Return: True if the console was acquired. False otherwise. + * + * If the caller allowed an unsafe hostile takeover, on success the + * caller should check the current console state to see if it is + * in an unsafe state. Otherwise, on success the caller may assume + * the console is not in an unsafe state. + */ +__maybe_unused +static bool nbcon_context_try_acquire(struct nbcon_context *ctxt) +{ + struct console *con = ctxt->console; + struct nbcon_state cur; + int err; + + nbcon_state_read(con, &cur); +try_again: + err = nbcon_context_try_acquire_direct(ctxt, &cur); + if (err != -EBUSY) + goto out; + + err = nbcon_context_try_acquire_handover(ctxt, &cur); + if (err == -EAGAIN) + goto try_again; + if (err != -EBUSY) + goto out; + + err = nbcon_context_try_acquire_hostile(ctxt, &cur); +out: + return !err; +} + +static bool nbcon_owner_matches(struct nbcon_state *cur, int expected_cpu, + int expected_prio) +{ + /* + * Since consoles can only be acquired by higher priorities, + * owning contexts are uniquely identified by @prio. However, + * since contexts can unexpectedly lose ownership, it is + * possible that later another owner appears with the same + * priority. For this reason @cpu is also needed. + */ + + if (cur->prio != expected_prio) + return false; + + if (cur->cpu != expected_cpu) + return false; + + return true; +} + +/** + * nbcon_context_release - Release the console + * @ctxt: The nbcon context from nbcon_context_try_acquire() + */ +__maybe_unused +static void nbcon_context_release(struct nbcon_context *ctxt) +{ + unsigned int cpu = smp_processor_id(); + struct console *con = ctxt->console; + struct nbcon_state cur; + struct nbcon_state new; + + nbcon_state_read(con, &cur); + + do { + if (!nbcon_owner_matches(&cur, cpu, ctxt->prio)) + return; + + new.atom = cur.atom; + new.prio = NBCON_PRIO_NONE; + + /* + * If @unsafe_takeover is set, it is kept set so that + * the state remains permanently unsafe. + */ + new.unsafe |= cur.unsafe_takeover; + + } while (!nbcon_state_try_cmpxchg(con, &cur, &new)); +} + +/** * nbcon_init - Initialize the nbcon console specific data * @con: Console to initialize */ |