rcu/nocb: Provide basic callback offloading state machine bits

Offloading and de-offloading RCU callback processes must be done
carefully.  There must never be a time at which callback processing is
disabled because the task driving the offloading or de-offloading might be
preempted or otherwise stalled at that point in time, which would result
in OOM due to calbacks piling up indefinitely.  This implies that there
will be times during which a given CPU's callbacks might be concurrently
invoked by both that CPU's RCU_SOFTIRQ handler (or, equivalently, that
CPU's rcuc kthread) and by that CPU's rcuo kthread.

This situation could fatally confuse both rcu_barrier() and the
CPU-hotplug offlining process, so these must be excluded during any
concurrent-callback-invocation period.  In addition, during times of
concurrent callback invocation, changes to ->cblist must be protected
both as needed for RCU_SOFTIRQ and as needed for the rcuo kthread.

This commit therefore defines and documents the states for a state
machine that coordinates offloading and deoffloading.

Cc: Josh Triplett <[email protected]>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <[email protected]>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <[email protected]>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <[email protected]>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <[email protected]>
Cc: Neeraj Upadhyay <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Inspired-by: Paul E. McKenney <[email protected]>
Tested-by: Boqun Feng <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <[email protected]>

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