ALSA: usb-audio: Check valid altsetting at parsing rates for UAC2/3

The current driver code assumes blindly that all found sample rates for
the same endpoint from the UAC2 and UAC3 descriptors can be used no
matter which altsetting, but actually this was wrong: some devices
accept only limited sample rates in each altsetting.  For determining
which altsetting supports which rate, we need to verify each sample rate
and check the validity via UAC2_AS_VAL_ALT_SETTINGS.  This control
reports back the available altsettings as a bitmap.

This patch implements the missing piece above, the verification and
reconstructs the sample rate tables based on the result.

An open question is how to deal with the altsettings that ended up
with no valid sample rates after verification.  At least, there is a
device that showed this problem although the sample rates did work in
the later usage (see bug link).  For now, we accept such an altset as
is, assuming that it's a firmware bug.

Reported-by: Dylan Robinson <[email protected]>
Tested-by: Keith Milner <[email protected]>
Tested-by: Dylan Robinson <[email protected]>
BugLink: https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1178203
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <[email protected]>

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