srcu: Provide internal interface to start a Tree SRCU grace period

There is a need for a polling interface for SRCU grace periods.
This polling needs to initiate an SRCU grace period without having
to queue (and manage) a callback.  This commit therefore splits the
Tree SRCU __call_srcu() function into callback-initialization and
queuing/start-grace-period portions, with the latter in a new function
named srcu_gp_start_if_needed().  This function may be passed a NULL
callback pointer, in which case it will refrain from queuing anything.

Why have the new function mess with queuing?  Locking considerations,
of course!

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/rcu/[email protected]/
Reported-by: Kent Overstreet <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <[email protected]>

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