mm: retry page fault when blocking on disk transfer

This change reduces mmap_sem hold times that are caused by waiting for
disk transfers when accessing file mapped VMAs.

It introduces the VM_FAULT_ALLOW_RETRY flag, which indicates that the call
site wants mmap_sem to be released if blocking on a pending disk transfer.
In that case, filemap_fault() returns the VM_FAULT_RETRY status bit and
do_page_fault() will then re-acquire mmap_sem and retry the page fault.

It is expected that the retry will hit the same page which will now be
cached, and thus it will complete with a low mmap_sem hold time.

Tests:

- microbenchmark: thread A mmaps a large file and does random read accesses
  to the mmaped area - achieves about 55 iterations/s. Thread B does
  mmap/munmap in a loop at a separate location - achieves 55 iterations/s
  before, 15000 iterations/s after.

- We are seeing related effects in some applications in house, which show
  significant performance regressions when running without this change.

[[email protected]: fix warning & crash]
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Nick Piggin <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Wu Fengguang <[email protected]>
Cc: Ying Han <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Acked-by: "H. Peter Anvin" <[email protected]>
Cc: <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>

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