mm: shrinker: make global slab shrink lockless

The shrinker_rwsem is a global read-write lock in shrinkers subsystem,
which protects most operations such as slab shrink, registration and
unregistration of shrinkers, etc. This can easily cause problems in the
following cases.

1) When the memory pressure is high and there are many filesystems
   mounted or unmounted at the same time, slab shrink will be affected
   (down_read_trylock() failed).

   Such as the real workload mentioned by Kirill Tkhai:

   ```
   One of the real workloads from my experience is start
   of an overcommitted node containing many starting
   containers after node crash (or many resuming containers
   after reboot for kernel update). In these cases memory
   pressure is huge, and the node goes round in long reclaim.
   ```

2) If a shrinker is blocked (such as the case mentioned
   in [1]) and a writer comes in (such as mount a fs),
   then this writer will be blocked and cause all
   subsequent shrinker-related operations to be blocked.

Even if there is no competitor when shrinking slab, there may still be a
problem. The down_read_trylock() may become a perf hotspot with frequent
calls to shrink_slab(). Because of the poor multicore scalability of
atomic operations, this can lead to a significant drop in IPC
(instructions per cycle).

We used to implement the lockless slab shrink with SRCU [2], but then
kernel test robot reported -88.8% regression in
stress-ng.ramfs.ops_per_sec test case [3], so we reverted it [4].

This commit uses the refcount+RCU method [5] proposed by Dave Chinner
to re-implement the lockless global slab shrink. The memcg slab shrink is
handled in the subsequent patch.

For now, all shrinker instances are converted to dynamically allocated and
will be freed by call_rcu(). So we can use rcu_read_{lock,unlock}() to
ensure that the shrinker instance is valid.

And the shrinker instance will not be run again after unregistration. So
the structure that records the pointer of shrinker instance can be safely
freed without waiting for the RCU read-side critical section.

In this way, while we implement the lockless slab shrink, we don't need to
be blocked in unregister_shrinker().

The following are the test results:

stress-ng --timeout 60 --times --verify --metrics-brief --ramfs 9 &

1) Before applying this patchset:

setting to a 60 second run per stressor
dispatching hogs: 9 ramfs
stressor       bogo ops real time  usr time  sys time   bogo ops/s     bogo ops/s
                          (secs)    (secs)    (secs)   (real time) (usr+sys time)
ramfs            473062     60.00      8.00    279.13      7884.12        1647.59
for a 60.01s run time:
   1440.34s available CPU time
      7.99s user time   (  0.55%)
    279.13s system time ( 19.38%)
    287.12s total time  ( 19.93%)
load average: 7.12 2.99 1.15
successful run completed in 60.01s (1 min, 0.01 secs)

2) After applying this patchset:

setting to a 60 second run per stressor
dispatching hogs: 9 ramfs
stressor       bogo ops real time  usr time  sys time   bogo ops/s     bogo ops/s
                          (secs)    (secs)    (secs)   (real time) (usr+sys time)
ramfs            477165     60.00      8.13    281.34      7952.55        1648.40
for a 60.01s run time:
   1440.33s available CPU time
      8.12s user time   (  0.56%)
    281.34s system time ( 19.53%)
    289.46s total time  ( 20.10%)
load average: 6.98 3.03 1.19
successful run completed in 60.01s (1 min, 0.01 secs)

We can see that the ops/s has hardly changed.

[1]. https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/[email protected]/
[2]. https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/[email protected]/
[3]. https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/[email protected]/
[4]. https://lore.kernel.org/all/[email protected]/
[5]. https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/[email protected]/

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <[email protected]>
Cc: Abhinav Kumar <[email protected]>
Cc: Alasdair Kergon <[email protected]>
Cc: Alexander Viro <[email protected]>
Cc: Alyssa Rosenzweig <[email protected]>
Cc: Andreas Dilger <[email protected]>
Cc: Andreas Gruenbacher <[email protected]>
Cc: Anna Schumaker <[email protected]>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <[email protected]>
Cc: Bob Peterson <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Carlos Llamas <[email protected]>
Cc: Chandan Babu R <[email protected]>
Cc: Chao Yu <[email protected]>
Cc: Chris Mason <[email protected]>
Cc: Christian Brauner <[email protected]>
Cc: Christian Koenig <[email protected]>
Cc: Chuck Lever <[email protected]>
Cc: Coly Li <[email protected]>
Cc: Dai Ngo <[email protected]>
Cc: Daniel Vetter <[email protected]>
Cc: Daniel Vetter <[email protected]>
Cc: "Darrick J. Wong" <[email protected]>
Cc: Dave Chinner <[email protected]>
Cc: Dave Hansen <[email protected]>
Cc: David Airlie <[email protected]>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <[email protected]>
Cc: David Sterba <[email protected]>
Cc: Dmitry Baryshkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Gao Xiang <[email protected]>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <[email protected]>
Cc: Huang Rui <[email protected]>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
Cc: Jaegeuk Kim <[email protected]>
Cc: Jani Nikula <[email protected]>
Cc: Jan Kara <[email protected]>
Cc: Jason Wang <[email protected]>
Cc: Jeff Layton <[email protected]>
Cc: Jeffle Xu <[email protected]>
Cc: Joel Fernandes (Google) <[email protected]>
Cc: Joonas Lahtinen <[email protected]>
Cc: Josef Bacik <[email protected]>
Cc: Juergen Gross <[email protected]>
Cc: Kent Overstreet <[email protected]>
Cc: Kirill Tkhai <[email protected]>
Cc: Marijn Suijten <[email protected]>
Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <[email protected]>
Cc: Mike Snitzer <[email protected]>
Cc: Minchan Kim <[email protected]>
Cc: Muchun Song <[email protected]>
Cc: Muchun Song <[email protected]>
Cc: Nadav Amit <[email protected]>
Cc: Neil Brown <[email protected]>
Cc: Oleksandr Tyshchenko <[email protected]>
Cc: Olga Kornievskaia <[email protected]>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <[email protected]>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <[email protected]>
Cc: Rob Clark <[email protected]>
Cc: Rob Herring <[email protected]>
Cc: Rodrigo Vivi <[email protected]>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <[email protected]>
Cc: Sean Paul <[email protected]>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <[email protected]>
Cc: Song Liu <[email protected]>
Cc: Stefano Stabellini <[email protected]>
Cc: Steven Price <[email protected]>
Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Tomeu Vizoso <[email protected]>
Cc: Tom Talpey <[email protected]>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <[email protected]>
Cc: Tvrtko Ursulin <[email protected]>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <[email protected]>
Cc: Xuan Zhuo <[email protected]>
Cc: Yue Hu <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>

1 files changed, 24 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/include/linux/shrinker.h b/include/linux/shrinker.h
index ba5ac82b5dbd..e4f93120e0ab 100644
--- a/include/linux/shrinker.h
+++ b/include/linux/shrinker.h
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 
 #include <linux/atomic.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/refcount.h>
+#include <linux/completion.h>
 
 #define SHRINKER_UNIT_BITS	BITS_PER_LONG
 
@@ -87,6 +89,17 @@ struct shrinker {
 	int seeks;	/* seeks to recreate an obj */
 	unsigned flags;
 
+	/*
+	 * The reference count of this shrinker. Registered shrinker have an
+	 * initial refcount of 1, then the lookup operations are now allowed
+	 * to use it via shrinker_try_get(). Later in the unregistration step,
+	 * the initial refcount will be discarded, and will free the shrinker
+	 * asynchronously via RCU after its refcount reaches 0.
+	 */
+	refcount_t refcount;
+	struct completion done;	/* use to wait for refcount to reach 0 */
+	struct rcu_head rcu;
+
 	void *private_data;
 
 	/* These are for internal use */
@@ -122,6 +135,17 @@ struct shrinker *shrinker_alloc(unsigned int flags, const char *fmt, ...);
 void shrinker_register(struct shrinker *shrinker);
 void shrinker_free(struct shrinker *shrinker);
 
+static inline bool shrinker_try_get(struct shrinker *shrinker)
+{
+	return refcount_inc_not_zero(&shrinker->refcount);
+}
+
+static inline void shrinker_put(struct shrinker *shrinker)
+{
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&shrinker->refcount))
+		complete(&shrinker->done);
+}
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_SHRINKER_DEBUG
 extern int __printf(2, 3) shrinker_debugfs_rename(struct shrinker *shrinker,
 						  const char *fmt, ...);