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Currently extract_kernel() defines the input and output buffer pointers
as "unsigned char *" since that's effectively what they are. It passes
these to the decompressor routine and to the ELF parser, which both
logically deal with buffer pointers too. There is some casting ("unsigned
long") done to validate the numerical value of the pointers, but it is
relatively limited.
However, choose_random_location() operates almost exclusively on the
numerical representation of these pointers, so it ended up carrying
a lot of "unsigned long" casts. With the future physical/virtual split
these casts were going to multiply, so this attempts to solve the
problem by doing all the casting in choose_random_location()'s entry
and return instead of through-out the code. Adjusts argument names to
be more meaningful, and changes one us of "choice" to "output" to make
the future physical/virtual split more clear (i.e. "choice" should be
strictly a function return value and not used as an intermediate).
Suggested-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Dave Young <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <[email protected]>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Cc: [email protected]
Cc: [email protected]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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If an overlapping memcpy() is ever attempted, we should at least report
it, in case it might lead to problems, so it could be changed to a
memmove() call instead.
Suggested-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: Lasse Collin <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: One Thousand Gnomes <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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Currently to use warn(), a caller would need to include misc.h. However,
this means they would get the (unavailable during compressed boot)
gcc built-in memcpy family of functions. But since string.c is defining
these memcpy functions for use by misc.c, we end up in a weird circular
dependency.
To break this loop, move the error reporting functions outside of misc.c
with their own header so that they can be independently included by
other sources. Since the screen-writing routines use memmove(), keep the
low-level *_putstr() functions in misc.c.
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: Lasse Collin <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: One Thousand Gnomes <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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Relocation handling performs bounds checking on the resulting calculated
addresses. The existing code uses output_len (VO size plus relocs size) as
the max address. This is not right since the max_addr check should stop at
the end of VO and exclude bss, brk, etc, which follows. The valid range
should be VO [_text, __bss_start] in the loaded physical address space.
This patch adds an export for __bss_start in voffset.h and uses it to
set the correct limit for max_addr.
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
[ Rewrote the changelog. ]
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Dave Young <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <[email protected]>
Cc: [email protected]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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'kernel_total_size'
Since 'run_size' is now calculated in misc.c, the old script and associated
argument passing is no longer needed. This patch removes them, and renames
'run_size' to the more descriptive 'kernel_total_size'.
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
[ Rewrote the changelog, renamed 'run_size' to 'kernel_total_size' ]
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Dave Young <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: Josh Triplett <[email protected]>
Cc: Junjie Mao <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <[email protected]>
Cc: [email protected]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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Currently, the "run_size" variable holds the total kernel size
(size of code plus brk and bss) and is calculated via the shell script
arch/x86/tools/calc_run_size.sh. It gets the file offset and mem size
of the .bss and .brk sections from the vmlinux, and adds them as follows:
run_size = $(( $offsetA + $sizeA + $sizeB ))
However, this is not correct (it is too large). To illustrate, here's
a walk-through of the script's calculation, compared to the correct way
to find it.
First, offsetA is found as the starting address of the first .bss or
.brk section seen in the ELF file. The sizeA and sizeB values are the
respective section sizes.
[bhe@x1 linux]$ objdump -h vmlinux
vmlinux: file format elf64-x86-64
Sections:
Idx Name Size VMA LMA File off Algn
27 .bss 00170000 ffffffff81ec8000 0000000001ec8000 012c8000 2**12
ALLOC
28 .brk 00027000 ffffffff82038000 0000000002038000 012c8000 2**0
ALLOC
Here, offsetA is 0x012c8000, with sizeA at 0x00170000 and sizeB at
0x00027000. The resulting run_size is 0x145f000:
0x012c8000 + 0x00170000 + 0x00027000 = 0x145f000
However, if we instead examine the ELF LOAD program headers, we see a
different picture.
[bhe@x1 linux]$ readelf -l vmlinux
Elf file type is EXEC (Executable file)
Entry point 0x1000000
There are 5 program headers, starting at offset 64
Program Headers:
Type Offset VirtAddr PhysAddr
FileSiz MemSiz Flags Align
LOAD 0x0000000000200000 0xffffffff81000000 0x0000000001000000
0x0000000000b5e000 0x0000000000b5e000 R E 200000
LOAD 0x0000000000e00000 0xffffffff81c00000 0x0000000001c00000
0x0000000000145000 0x0000000000145000 RW 200000
LOAD 0x0000000001000000 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000001d45000
0x0000000000018158 0x0000000000018158 RW 200000
LOAD 0x000000000115e000 0xffffffff81d5e000 0x0000000001d5e000
0x000000000016a000 0x0000000000301000 RWE 200000
NOTE 0x000000000099bcac 0xffffffff8179bcac 0x000000000179bcac
0x00000000000001bc 0x00000000000001bc 4
Section to Segment mapping:
Segment Sections...
00 .text .notes __ex_table .rodata __bug_table .pci_fixup .tracedata
__ksymtab __ksymtab_gpl __ksymtab_strings __init_rodata __param
__modver
01 .data .vvar
02 .data..percpu
03 .init.text .init.data .x86_cpu_dev.init .parainstructions
.altinstructions .altinstr_replacement .iommu_table .apicdrivers
.exit.text .smp_locks .bss .brk
04 .notes
As mentioned, run_size needs to be the size of the running kernel
including .bss and .brk. We can see from the Section/Segment mapping
above that .bss and .brk are included in segment 03 (which corresponds
to the final LOAD program header). To find the run_size, we calculate
the end of the LOAD segment from its PhysAddr start (0x0000000001d5e000)
and its MemSiz (0x0000000000301000), minus the physical load address of
the kernel (the first LOAD segment's PhysAddr: 0x0000000001000000). The
resulting run_size is 0x105f000:
0x0000000001d5e000 + 0x0000000000301000 - 0x0000000001000000 = 0x105f000
So, from this we can see that the existing run_size calculation is
0x400000 too high. And, as it turns out, the correct run_size is
actually equal to VO_end - VO_text, which is certainly easier to calculate.
_end: 0xffffffff8205f000
_text:0xffffffff81000000
0xffffffff8205f000 - 0xffffffff81000000 = 0x105f000
As a result, run_size is a simple constant, so we don't need to pass it
around; we already have voffset.h for such things. We can share voffset.h
between misc.c and header.S instead of getting run_size in other ways.
This patch moves voffset.h creation code to boot/compressed/Makefile,
and switches misc.c to use the VO_end - VO_text calculation for run_size.
Dependence before:
boot/header.S ==> boot/voffset.h ==> vmlinux
boot/header.S ==> compressed/vmlinux ==> compressed/misc.c
Dependence after:
boot/header.S ==> compressed/vmlinux ==> compressed/misc.c ==> boot/voffset.h ==> vmlinux
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
[ Rewrote the changelog. ]
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Dave Young <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: Josh Triplett <[email protected]>
Cc: Junjie Mao <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <[email protected]>
Cc: [email protected]
Fixes: e6023367d779 ("x86, kaslr: Prevent .bss from overlaping initrd")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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Currently z_extract_offset is calculated in boot/compressed/mkpiggy.c.
This doesn't work well because mkpiggy.c doesn't know the details of the
decompressor in use. As a result, it can only make an estimation, which
has risks:
- output + output_len (VO) could be much bigger than input + input_len
(ZO). In this case, the decompressed kernel plus relocs could overwrite
the decompression code while it is running.
- The head code of ZO could be bigger than z_extract_offset. In this case
an overwrite could happen when the head code is running to move ZO to
the end of buffer. Though currently the size of the head code is very
small it's still a potential risk. Since there is no rule to limit the
size of the head code of ZO, it runs the risk of suddenly becoming a
(hard to find) bug.
Instead, this moves the z_extract_offset calculation into header.S, and
makes adjustments to be sure that the above two cases can never happen,
and further corrects the comments describing the calculations.
Since we have (in the previous patch) made ZO always be located against
the end of decompression buffer, z_extract_offset is only used here to
calculate an appropriate buffer size (INIT_SIZE), and is not longer used
elsewhere. As such, it can be removed from voffset.h.
Additionally clean up #if/#else #define to improve readability.
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
[ Rewrote the changelog and comments. ]
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Dave Young <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <[email protected]>
Cc: [email protected]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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This change makes later calculations about where the kernel is located
easier to reason about. To better understand this change, we must first
clarify what 'VO' and 'ZO' are. These values were introduced in commits
by hpa:
77d1a4999502 ("x86, boot: make symbols from the main vmlinux available")
37ba7ab5e33c ("x86, boot: make kernel_alignment adjustable; new bzImage fields")
Specifically:
All names prefixed with 'VO_':
- relate to the uncompressed kernel image
- the size of the VO image is: VO__end-VO__text ("VO_INIT_SIZE" define)
All names prefixed with 'ZO_':
- relate to the bootable compressed kernel image (boot/compressed/vmlinux),
which is composed of the following memory areas:
- head text
- compressed kernel (VO image and relocs table)
- decompressor code
- the size of the ZO image is: ZO__end - ZO_startup_32 ("ZO_INIT_SIZE" define, though see below)
The 'INIT_SIZE' value is used to find the larger of the two image sizes:
#define ZO_INIT_SIZE (ZO__end - ZO_startup_32 + ZO_z_extract_offset)
#define VO_INIT_SIZE (VO__end - VO__text)
#if ZO_INIT_SIZE > VO_INIT_SIZE
# define INIT_SIZE ZO_INIT_SIZE
#else
# define INIT_SIZE VO_INIT_SIZE
#endif
The current code uses extract_offset to decide where to position the
copied ZO (i.e. ZO starts at extract_offset). (This is why ZO_INIT_SIZE
currently includes the extract_offset.)
Why does z_extract_offset exist? It's needed because we are trying to minimize
the amount of RAM used for the whole act of creating an uncompressed, executable,
properly relocation-linked kernel image in system memory. We do this so that
kernels can be booted on even very small systems.
To achieve the goal of minimal memory consumption we have implemented an in-place
decompression strategy: instead of cleanly separating the VO and ZO images and
also allocating some memory for the decompression code's runtime needs, we instead
create this elaborate layout of memory buffers where the output (decompressed)
stream, as it progresses, overlaps with and destroys the input (compressed)
stream. This can only be done safely if the ZO image is placed to the end of the
VO range, plus a certain amount of safety distance to make sure that when the last
bytes of the VO range are decompressed, the compressed stream pointer is safely
beyond the end of the VO range.
z_extract_offset is calculated in arch/x86/boot/compressed/mkpiggy.c during
the build process, at a point when we know the exact compressed and
uncompressed size of the kernel images and can calculate this safe minimum
offset value. (Note that the mkpiggy.c calculation is not perfect, because
we don't know the decompressor used at that stage, so the z_extract_offset
calculation is necessarily imprecise and is mostly based on gzip internals -
we'll improve that in the next patch.)
When INIT_SIZE is bigger than VO_INIT_SIZE (uncommon but possible),
the copied ZO occupies the memory from extract_offset to the end of
decompression buffer. It overlaps with the soon-to-be-uncompressed kernel
like this:
|-----compressed kernel image------|
V V
0 extract_offset +INIT_SIZE
|-----------|---------------|-------------------------|--------|
| | | |
VO__text startup_32 of ZO VO__end ZO__end
^ ^
|-------uncompressed kernel image---------|
When INIT_SIZE is equal to VO_INIT_SIZE (likely) there's still space
left from end of ZO to the end of decompressing buffer, like below.
|-compressed kernel image-|
V V
0 extract_offset +INIT_SIZE
|-----------|---------------|-------------------------|--------|
| | | |
VO__text startup_32 of ZO ZO__end VO__end
^ ^
|------------uncompressed kernel image-------------|
To simplify calculations and avoid special cases, it is cleaner to
always place the compressed kernel image in memory so that ZO__end
is at the end of the decompression buffer, instead of placing t at
the start of extract_offset as is currently done.
This patch adds BP_init_size (which is the INIT_SIZE as passed in from
the boot_params) into asm-offsets.c to make it visible to the assembly
code.
Then when moving the ZO, it calculates the starting position of
the copied ZO (via BP_init_size and the ZO run size) so that the VO__end
will be at the end of the decompression buffer. To make the position
calculation safe, the end of ZO is page aligned (and a comment is added
to the existing VO alignment for good measure).
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
[ Rewrote changelog and comments. ]
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Dave Young <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <[email protected]>
Cc: [email protected]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
[ Rewrote the changelog some more. ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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When processing the relocation table, the offset used to calculate the
relocation is an 'int'. This is sufficient for calculating the physical
address of the relocs entry on 32-bit systems and on 64-bit systems when
the relocation is under 2G.
To handle relocations above 2G (seen in situations like kexec, netboot, etc),
this offset needs to be calculated using a 'long' to avoid wrapping and
miscalculating the relocation.
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
[ Rewrote the changelog. ]
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Dave Young <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <[email protected]>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Cc: [email protected]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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The Graphics Output Protocol code executes in the stub, so create a generic
version based on the x86 version in libstub so that we can move other archs
to it in subsequent patches. The new source file gop.c is added to the
libstub build for all architectures, but only wired up for x86.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: David Herrmann <[email protected]>
Cc: Mark Rutland <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Jones <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Will Deacon <[email protected]>
Cc: [email protected]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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In preparation of moving this code to drivers/firmware/efi and reusing
it on ARM and arm64, apply any changes that will be required to make this
code build for other architectures. This should make it easier to track
down problems that this move may cause to its operation on x86.
Note that the generic version uses slightly different ways of casting the
protocol methods and some other variables to the correct types, since such
method calls are not loosely typed on ARM and arm64 as they are on x86.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: David Herrmann <[email protected]>
Cc: Mark Rutland <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Jones <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Will Deacon <[email protected]>
Cc: [email protected]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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Instead of having non-standard memcpy() behavior, explicitly call the new
function memmove(), make it available to the decompressors, and switch
the two overlap cases (screen scrolling and ELF parsing) to use memmove().
Additionally documents the purpose of compressed/string.c.
Suggested-by: Lasse Collin <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <[email protected]>
Cc: H.J. Lu <[email protected]>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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If KASLR is built in but not available at run-time (either due to the
current conflict with hibernation, command-line request, or e820 parsing
failures), announce the state explicitly. To support this, a new "warn"
function is created, based on the existing "error" function.
Suggested-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: H.J. Lu <[email protected]>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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Two uses of memcpy() (screen scrolling and ELF parsing) were handling
overlapping memory areas. While there were no explicitly noticed bugs
here (yet), it is best to fix this so that the copying will always be
safe.
Instead of making a new memmove() function that might collide with other
memmove() definitions in the decompressors, this just makes the compressed
boot code's copy of memcpy() overlap-safe.
Suggested-by: Lasse Collin <[email protected]>
Reported-by: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: H.J. Lu <[email protected]>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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This rearranges the pieces needed to include the decompressor code
in misc.c. It wasn't obvious why things were there, so a comment was
added and definitions consolidated.
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: H.J. Lu <[email protected]>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
|
|
Currently CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE_MAX_OFFSET is used to limit the maximum
offset for kernel randomization. This limit doesn't need to be a CONFIG
since it is tied completely to KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE, and will make no sense
once physical and virtual offsets are randomized separately. This patch
removes CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE_MAX_OFFSET and consolidates the Kconfig
help text.
[kees: rewrote changelog, dropped KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE_DEFAULT, rewrote help]
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: H.J. Lu <[email protected]>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
|
|
The comment that describes the analysis for the size of the decompressor
code only took gzip into account (there are currently 6 other decompressors
that could be used). The actual z_extract_offset calculation in code was
already handling the correct maximum size, but this documentation hadn't
been updated. This updates the documentation, fixes several typos, moves
the comment to header.S, updates references, and adds a note at the end
of the decompressor include list to remind us about updating the comment
in the future.
(Instead of moving the comment to mkpiggy.c, where the calculation
is currently happening, it is being moved to header.S because
the calculations in mkpiggy.c will be removed in favor of header.S
calculations in a following patch, and it seemed like overkill to move
the giant comment twice, especially when there's already reference to
z_extract_offset in header.S.)
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
[ Rewrote changelog, cleaned up comment style, moved comments around. ]
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: H.J. Lu <[email protected]>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
|
|
Since commit 2aedcd098a94 ('kbuild: suppress annoying "... is up to
date." message'), $(call if_changed,...) is evaluated to "@:"
when there is nothing to do.
We no longer need to add "@:" after $(call if_changed,...) to
suppress "... is up to date." message.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <[email protected]>
|
|
The variable "random" is also the name of a libc function. It's better
coding style to avoid overloading such things, so rename it to the more
accurate "random_addr".
Suggested-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: H.J. Lu <[email protected]>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
|
|
The name "choose_kernel_location" isn't specific enough, and doesn't
describe the primary thing it does: choosing a random location. This
patch renames it to "choose_random_location", and clarifies the what
routines are contained in the kaslr.c source file.
Suggested-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: H.J. Lu <[email protected]>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
|
|
The function "decompress_kernel" now performs many more duties, so this
patch renames it to "extract_kernel" and updates callers and comments.
Additionally the file header comment for misc.c is improved to actually
describe what is contained.
Suggested-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: H.J. Lu <[email protected]>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
|
|
The non-compressed boot code uses the (much more obvious) name
"boot_params" for the global pointer to the x86 boot parameters. The
compressed kernel loader code, though, was using the legacy name
"real_mode". There is no need to have a different name, and changing it
improves readability.
Suggested-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: H.J. Lu <[email protected]>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
|
|
Since the boot_params can be found using the real_mode global variable,
there is no need to pass around a pointer to it. This slightly simplifies
the choose_kernel_location function and its callers.
[kees: rewrote changelog, tracked file rename]
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: H.J. Lu <[email protected]>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
|
|
In order to avoid confusion over what this file provides, rename it to
kaslr.c since it is used exclusively for the kernel ASLR, not userspace
ASLR.
Suggested-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: H.J. Lu <[email protected]>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
|
|
The 32-bit x86 assembler in binutils 2.26 will generate R_386_GOT32X
relocation to get the symbol address in PIC. When the compressed x86
kernel isn't built as PIC, the linker optimizes R_386_GOT32X relocations
to their fixed symbol addresses. However, when the compressed x86
kernel is loaded at a different address, it leads to the following
load failure:
Failed to allocate space for phdrs
during the decompression stage.
If the compressed x86 kernel is relocatable at run-time, it should be
compiled with -fPIE, instead of -fPIC, if possible and should be built as
Position Independent Executable (PIE) so that linker won't optimize
R_386_GOT32X relocation to its fixed symbol address.
Older linkers generate R_386_32 relocations against locally defined
symbols, _bss, _ebss, _got and _egot, in PIE. It isn't wrong, just less
optimal than R_386_RELATIVE. But the x86 kernel fails to properly handle
R_386_32 relocations when relocating the kernel. To generate
R_386_RELATIVE relocations, we mark _bss, _ebss, _got and _egot as
hidden in both 32-bit and 64-bit x86 kernels.
To build a 64-bit compressed x86 kernel as PIE, we need to disable the
relocation overflow check to avoid relocation overflow errors. We do
this with a new linker command-line option, -z noreloc-overflow, which
got added recently:
commit 4c10bbaa0912742322f10d9d5bb630ba4e15dfa7
Author: H.J. Lu <[email protected]>
Date: Tue Mar 15 11:07:06 2016 -0700
Add -z noreloc-overflow option to x86-64 ld
Add -z noreloc-overflow command-line option to the x86-64 ELF linker to
disable relocation overflow check. This can be used to avoid relocation
overflow check if there will be no dynamic relocation overflow at
run-time.
The 64-bit compressed x86 kernel is built as PIE only if the linker supports
-z noreloc-overflow. So far 64-bit relocatable compressed x86 kernel
boots fine even when it is built as a normal executable.
Signed-off-by: H.J. Lu <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: [email protected]
[ Edited the changelog and comments. ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
|
|
kcov provides code coverage collection for coverage-guided fuzzing
(randomized testing). Coverage-guided fuzzing is a testing technique
that uses coverage feedback to determine new interesting inputs to a
system. A notable user-space example is AFL
(http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/afl/). However, this technique is not
widely used for kernel testing due to missing compiler and kernel
support.
kcov does not aim to collect as much coverage as possible. It aims to
collect more or less stable coverage that is function of syscall inputs.
To achieve this goal it does not collect coverage in soft/hard
interrupts and instrumentation of some inherently non-deterministic or
non-interesting parts of kernel is disbled (e.g. scheduler, locking).
Currently there is a single coverage collection mode (tracing), but the
API anticipates additional collection modes. Initially I also
implemented a second mode which exposes coverage in a fixed-size hash
table of counters (what Quentin used in his original patch). I've
dropped the second mode for simplicity.
This patch adds the necessary support on kernel side. The complimentary
compiler support was added in gcc revision 231296.
We've used this support to build syzkaller system call fuzzer, which has
found 90 kernel bugs in just 2 months:
https://github.com/google/syzkaller/wiki/Found-Bugs
We've also found 30+ bugs in our internal systems with syzkaller.
Another (yet unexplored) direction where kcov coverage would greatly
help is more traditional "blob mutation". For example, mounting a
random blob as a filesystem, or receiving a random blob over wire.
Why not gcov. Typical fuzzing loop looks as follows: (1) reset
coverage, (2) execute a bit of code, (3) collect coverage, repeat. A
typical coverage can be just a dozen of basic blocks (e.g. an invalid
input). In such context gcov becomes prohibitively expensive as
reset/collect coverage steps depend on total number of basic
blocks/edges in program (in case of kernel it is about 2M). Cost of
kcov depends only on number of executed basic blocks/edges. On top of
that, kernel requires per-thread coverage because there are always
background threads and unrelated processes that also produce coverage.
With inlined gcov instrumentation per-thread coverage is not possible.
kcov exposes kernel PCs and control flow to user-space which is
insecure. But debugfs should not be mapped as user accessible.
Based on a patch by Quentin Casasnovas.
[[email protected]: make task_struct.kcov_mode have type `enum kcov_mode']
[[email protected]: unbreak allmodconfig]
[[email protected]: follow x86 Makefile layout standards]
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Vyukov <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: syzkaller <[email protected]>
Cc: Vegard Nossum <[email protected]>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <[email protected]>
Cc: Tavis Ormandy <[email protected]>
Cc: Will Deacon <[email protected]>
Cc: Quentin Casasnovas <[email protected]>
Cc: Kostya Serebryany <[email protected]>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <[email protected]>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <[email protected]>
Cc: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Bjorn Helgaas <[email protected]>
Cc: Sasha Levin <[email protected]>
Cc: David Drysdale <[email protected]>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <[email protected]>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <[email protected]>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <[email protected]>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
|
|
Code which runs outside the kernel's normal mode of operation often does
unusual things which can cause a static analysis tool like objtool to
emit false positive warnings:
- boot image
- vdso image
- relocation
- realmode
- efi
- head
- purgatory
- modpost
Set OBJECT_FILES_NON_STANDARD for their related files and directories,
which will tell objtool to skip checking them. It's ok to skip them
because they don't affect runtime stack traces.
Also skip the following code which does the right thing with respect to
frame pointers, but is too "special" to be validated by a tool:
- entry
- mcount
Also skip the test_nx module because it modifies its exception handling
table at runtime, which objtool can't understand. Fortunately it's
just a test module so it doesn't matter much.
Currently objtool is the only user of OBJECT_FILES_NON_STANDARD, but it
might eventually be useful for other tools.
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <[email protected]>
Cc: Bernd Petrovitsch <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Chris J Arges <[email protected]>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Michal Marek <[email protected]>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <[email protected]>
Cc: Pedro Alves <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: [email protected]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/366c080e3844e8a5b6a0327dc7e8c2b90ca3baeb.1456719558.git.jpoimboe@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
|
|
UBSAN uses compile-time instrumentation to catch undefined behavior
(UB). Compiler inserts code that perform certain kinds of checks before
operations that could cause UB. If check fails (i.e. UB detected)
__ubsan_handle_* function called to print error message.
So the most of the work is done by compiler. This patch just implements
ubsan handlers printing errors.
GCC has this capability since 4.9.x [1] (see -fsanitize=undefined
option and its suboptions).
However GCC 5.x has more checkers implemented [2].
Article [3] has a bit more details about UBSAN in the GCC.
[1] - https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.9.0/gcc/Debugging-Options.html
[2] - https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Debugging-Options.html
[3] - http://developerblog.redhat.com/2014/10/16/gcc-undefined-behavior-sanitizer-ubsan/
Issues which UBSAN has found thus far are:
Found bugs:
* out-of-bounds access - 97840cb67ff5 ("netfilter: nfnetlink: fix
insufficient validation in nfnetlink_bind")
undefined shifts:
* d48458d4a768 ("jbd2: use a better hash function for the revoke
table")
* 10632008b9e1 ("clockevents: Prevent shift out of bounds")
* 'x << -1' shift in ext4 -
http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<[email protected]>
* undefined rol32(0) -
http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<[email protected]>
* undefined dirty_ratelimit calculation -
http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<[email protected]>
* undefined roundown_pow_of_two(0) -
http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<[email protected]>
* [WONTFIX] undefined shift in __bpf_prog_run -
http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<CACT4Y+ZxoR3UjLgcNdUm4fECLMx2VdtfrENMtRRCdgHB2n0bJA@mail.gmail.com>
WONTFIX here because it should be fixed in bpf program, not in kernel.
signed overflows:
* 32a8df4e0b33f ("sched: Fix odd values in effective_load()
calculations")
* mul overflow in ntp -
http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<[email protected]>
* incorrect conversion into rtc_time in rtc_time64_to_tm() -
http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<[email protected]>
* unvalidated timespec in io_getevents() -
http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<CACT4Y+bBxVYLQ6LtOKrKtnLthqLHcw-BMp3aqP3mjdAvr9FULQ@mail.gmail.com>
* [NOTABUG] signed overflow in ktime_add_safe() -
http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<CACT4Y+aJ4muRnWxsUe1CMnA6P8nooO33kwG-c8YZg=0Xc8rJqw@mail.gmail.com>
[[email protected]: fix unused local warning]
[[email protected]: fix __int128 build woes]
Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Sasha Levin <[email protected]>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <[email protected]>
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <[email protected]>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <[email protected]>
Cc: Michal Marek <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <[email protected]>
Cc: Yury Gribov <[email protected]>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <[email protected]>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <[email protected]>
Cc: Kostya Serebryany <[email protected]>
Cc: Johannes Berg <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
|
|
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mfleming/efi into core/efi
Pull v4.4 EFI updates from Matt Fleming:
- Make the EFI System Resource Table (ESRT) driver explicitly
non-modular by ripping out the module_* code since Kconfig doesn't
allow it to be built as a module anyway. (Paul Gortmaker)
- Make the x86 efi=debug kernel parameter, which enables EFI debug
code and output, generic and usable by arm64. (Leif Lindholm)
- Add support to the x86 EFI boot stub for 64-bit Graphics Output
Protocol frame buffer addresses. (Matt Fleming)
- Detect when the UEFI v2.5 EFI_PROPERTIES_TABLE feature is enabled
in the firmware and set an efi.flags bit so the kernel knows when
it can apply more strict runtime mapping attributes - Ard Biesheuvel
- Auto-load the efi-pstore module on EFI systems, just like we
currently do for the efivars module. (Ben Hutchings)
- Add "efi_fake_mem" kernel parameter which allows the system's EFI
memory map to be updated with additional attributes for specific
memory ranges. This is useful for testing the kernel code that handles
the EFI_MEMORY_MORE_RELIABLE memmap bit even if your firmware
doesn't include support. (Taku Izumi)
Note: there is a semantic conflict between the following two commits:
8a53554e12e9 ("x86/efi: Fix multiple GOP device support")
ae2ee627dc87 ("efifb: Add support for 64-bit frame buffer addresses")
I fixed up the interaction in the merge commit, changing the type of
current_fb_base from u32 to u64.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
|
|
When multiple GOP devices exists, but none of them implements
ConOut, the code should just choose the first GOP (according to
the comments). But currently 'fb_base' will refer to the last GOP,
while other parameters to the first GOP, which will likely
result in a garbled display.
I can reliably reproduce this bug using my ASRock Z87M Extreme4
motherboard with CSM and integrated GPU disabled, and two PCIe
video cards (NVidia GT640 and GTX980), booting from efi-stub
(booting from grub works fine). On the primary display the
ASRock logo remains and on the secondary screen it is garbled
up completely.
Signed-off-by: Kővágó, Zoltán <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <[email protected]>
Cc: <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Matthew Garrett <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
|
|
The EFI Graphics Output Protocol uses 64-bit frame buffer addresses
but these get truncated to 32-bit by the EFI boot stub when storing
the address in the 'lfb_base' field of 'struct screen_info'.
Add a 'ext_lfb_base' field for the upper 32-bits of the frame buffer
address and set VIDEO_TYPE_CAPABILITY_64BIT_BASE when the field is
useable.
It turns out that the reason no one has required this support so far
is that there's actually code in tianocore to "downgrade" PCI
resources that have option ROMs and 64-bit BARS from 64-bit to 32-bit
to cope with legacy option ROMs that can't handle 64-bit addresses.
The upshot is that basically all GOP devices in the wild use a 32-bit
frame buffer address.
Still, it is possible to build firmware that uses a full 64-bit GOP
frame buffer address. Chad did, which led to him reporting this issue.
Add support in anticipation of GOP devices using 64-bit addresses more
widely, and so that efifb works out of the box when that happens.
Reported-by: Chad Page <[email protected]>
Cc: Pete Hawkins <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Peter Jones <[email protected]>
Cc: Matthew Garrett <[email protected]>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <[email protected]>
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When loading x86 64bit kernel above 4GiB with patched grub2, got kernel
gunzip error.
| early console in decompress_kernel
| decompress_kernel:
| input: [0x807f2143b4-0x807ff61aee]
| output: [0x807cc00000-0x807f3ea29b] 0x027ea29c: output_len
| boot via startup_64
| KASLR using RDTSC...
| new output: [0x46fe000000-0x470138cfff] 0x0338d000: output_run_size
| decompress: [0x46fe000000-0x47007ea29b] <=== [0x807f2143b4-0x807ff61aee]
|
| Decompressing Linux... gz...
|
| uncompression error
|
| -- System halted
the new buffer is at 0x46fe000000ULL, decompressor_gzip is using
0xffffffb901ffffff as out_len. gunzip in lib/zlib_inflate/inflate.c cap
that len to 0x01ffffff and decompress fails later.
We could hit this problem with crashkernel booting that uses kexec loading
kernel above 4GiB.
We have decompress_* support:
1. inbuf[]/outbuf[] for kernel preboot.
2. inbuf[]/flush() for initramfs
3. fill()/flush() for initrd.
This bug only affect kernel preboot path that use outbuf[].
Add __decompress and take real out_buf_len for gunzip instead of guessing
wrong buf size.
Fixes: 1431574a1c4 (lib/decompressors: fix "no limit" output buffer length)
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Cc: Alexandre Courbot <[email protected]>
Cc: Jon Medhurst <[email protected]>
Cc: Stephen Warren <[email protected]>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
Cc: <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull x86 boot updates from Ingo Molnar:
"The main x86 bootup related changes in this cycle were:
- more boot time optimizations. (Len Brown)
- implement hex output to allow the debugging of early bootup
parameters. (Kees Cook)
- remove obsolete MCA leftovers. (Paolo Pisati)"
* 'x86-boot-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/smpboot: Remove APIC.wait_for_init_deassert and atomic init_deasserted
x86/smpboot: Remove SIPI delays from cpu_up()
x86/smpboot: Remove udelay(100) when polling cpu_callin_map
x86/smpboot: Remove udelay(100) when polling cpu_initialized_map
x86/boot: Obsolete the MCA sys_desc_table
x86/boot: Add hex output for debugging
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changes
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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The efi_info structure stores low 32 bits of memory map
in efi_memmap and high 32 bits in efi_memmap_hi.
While constructing pointer in the setup_e820(), need
to take into account all 64 bit of the pointer.
It is because on 64bit machine the function
efi_get_memory_map() may return full 64bit pointer and before
the patch that pointer was truncated.
The issue is triggered on Parallles virtual machine and
fixed with this patch.
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Skorodumov <[email protected]>
Cc: Denis V. Lunev <[email protected]>
Cc: <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <[email protected]>
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The kernel does not support the MCA bus anymroe, so mark sys_desc_table
as obsolete: remove any reference from the code together with the remaining
of MCA logic.
bloat-o-meter output:
add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 0/2 up/down: 0/-55 (-55)
function old new delta
i386_start_kernel 128 119 -9
setup_arch 1421 1375 -46
Signed-off-by: Paolo Pisati <[email protected]>
Cc: Josh Triplett <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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This is useful for reporting various addresses or other values
while debugging early boot, for example, the recent kernel image
size vs kernel run size. For example, when
CONFIG_X86_VERBOSE_BOOTUP is set, this is now visible at boot
time:
early console in setup code
early console in decompress_kernel
input_data: 0x0000000001e1526e
input_len: 0x0000000000732236
output: 0x0000000001000000
output_len: 0x0000000001535640
run_size: 0x00000000021fb000
KASLR using RDTSC...
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Jan Beulich <[email protected]>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <[email protected]>
Cc: Joe Perches <[email protected]>
Cc: Josh Triplett <[email protected]>
Cc: Junjie Mao <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <[email protected]>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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Now that there is no paravirt TSC, the "native" is
inappropriate. The function does RDTSC, so give it the obvious
name: rdtsc().
Suggested-by: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: Huang Rui <[email protected]>
Cc: John Stultz <[email protected]>
Cc: Len Brown <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: kvm ML <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/fd43e16281991f096c1e4d21574d9e1402c62d39.1434501121.git.luto@kernel.org
[ Ported it to v4.2-rc1. ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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Now that the ->read_tsc() paravirt hook is gone, rdtscll() is
just a wrapper around native_read_tsc(). Unwrap it.
Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: Huang Rui <[email protected]>
Cc: John Stultz <[email protected]>
Cc: Len Brown <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: kvm ML <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/d2449ae62c1b1fb90195bcfb19ef4a35883a04dc.1434501121.git.luto@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/djbw/nvdimm
Pull libnvdimm subsystem from Dan Williams:
"The libnvdimm sub-system introduces, in addition to the
libnvdimm-core, 4 drivers / enabling modules:
NFIT:
Instantiates an "nvdimm bus" with the core and registers memory
devices (NVDIMMs) enumerated by the ACPI 6.0 NFIT (NVDIMM Firmware
Interface table).
After registering NVDIMMs the NFIT driver then registers "region"
devices. A libnvdimm-region defines an access mode and the
boundaries of persistent memory media. A region may span multiple
NVDIMMs that are interleaved by the hardware memory controller. In
turn, a libnvdimm-region can be carved into a "namespace" device and
bound to the PMEM or BLK driver which will attach a Linux block
device (disk) interface to the memory.
PMEM:
Initially merged in v4.1 this driver for contiguous spans of
persistent memory address ranges is re-worked to drive
PMEM-namespaces emitted by the libnvdimm-core.
In this update the PMEM driver, on x86, gains the ability to assert
that writes to persistent memory have been flushed all the way
through the caches and buffers in the platform to persistent media.
See memcpy_to_pmem() and wmb_pmem().
BLK:
This new driver enables access to persistent memory media through
"Block Data Windows" as defined by the NFIT. The primary difference
of this driver to PMEM is that only a small window of persistent
memory is mapped into system address space at any given point in
time.
Per-NVDIMM windows are reprogrammed at run time, per-I/O, to access
different portions of the media. BLK-mode, by definition, does not
support DAX.
BTT:
This is a library, optionally consumed by either PMEM or BLK, that
converts a byte-accessible namespace into a disk with atomic sector
update semantics (prevents sector tearing on crash or power loss).
The sinister aspect of sector tearing is that most applications do
not know they have a atomic sector dependency. At least today's
disk's rarely ever tear sectors and if they do one almost certainly
gets a CRC error on access. NVDIMMs will always tear and always
silently. Until an application is audited to be robust in the
presence of sector-tearing the usage of BTT is recommended.
Thanks to: Ross Zwisler, Jeff Moyer, Vishal Verma, Christoph Hellwig,
Ingo Molnar, Neil Brown, Boaz Harrosh, Robert Elliott, Matthew Wilcox,
Andy Rudoff, Linda Knippers, Toshi Kani, Nicholas Moulin, Rafael
Wysocki, and Bob Moore"
* tag 'libnvdimm-for-4.2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/djbw/nvdimm: (33 commits)
arch, x86: pmem api for ensuring durability of persistent memory updates
libnvdimm: Add sysfs numa_node to NVDIMM devices
libnvdimm: Set numa_node to NVDIMM devices
acpi: Add acpi_map_pxm_to_online_node()
libnvdimm, nfit: handle unarmed dimms, mark namespaces read-only
pmem: flag pmem block devices as non-rotational
libnvdimm: enable iostat
pmem: make_request cleanups
libnvdimm, pmem: fix up max_hw_sectors
libnvdimm, blk: add support for blk integrity
libnvdimm, btt: add support for blk integrity
fs/block_dev.c: skip rw_page if bdev has integrity
libnvdimm: Non-Volatile Devices
tools/testing/nvdimm: libnvdimm unit test infrastructure
libnvdimm, nfit, nd_blk: driver for BLK-mode access persistent memory
nd_btt: atomic sector updates
libnvdimm: infrastructure for btt devices
libnvdimm: write blk label set
libnvdimm: write pmem label set
libnvdimm: blk labels and namespace instantiation
...
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Linus reported the following new warning on x86 allmodconfig with GCC 5.1:
> ./arch/x86/include/asm/spinlock.h: In function ‘arch_spin_lock’:
> ./arch/x86/include/asm/spinlock.h:119:3: warning: implicit declaration
> of function ‘__ticket_lock_spinning’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
> __ticket_lock_spinning(lock, inc.tail);
> ^
This warning triggers because of these hacks in misc.h:
/*
* we have to be careful, because no indirections are allowed here, and
* paravirt_ops is a kind of one. As it will only run in baremetal anyway,
* we just keep it from happening
*/
#undef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
#undef CONFIG_KASAN
But these hacks were not updated when CONFIG_PARAVIRT_SPINLOCKS was added,
and eventually (with the introduction of queued paravirt spinlocks in
recent kernels) this created an invalid Kconfig combination and broke
the build.
So add a CONFIG_PARAVIRT_SPINLOCKS #undef line as well.
Also remove the _ASM_X86_DESC_H quirk: that undocumented quirk
was originally added ages ago, in:
099e1377269a ("x86: use ELF format in compressed images.")
and I went back to that kernel (and fixed up the main Makefile
which didn't build anymore) and checked what failure it
avoided: it avoided an include file dependencies related
build failure related to our old x86-platforms code.
That old code is long gone, the header dependencies got cleaned
up, and the build does not fail anymore with the totality of
asm/desc.h included - so remove the quirk.
Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: [email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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ACPI 6.0 formalizes e820-type-7 and efi-type-14 as persistent memory.
Mark it "reserved" and allow it to be claimed by a persistent memory
device driver.
This definition is in addition to the Linux kernel's existing type-12
definition that was recently added in support of shipping platforms with
NVDIMM support that predate ACPI 6.0 (which now classifies type-12 as
OEM reserved).
Note, /proc/iomem can be consulted for differentiating legacy
"Persistent Memory (legacy)" E820_PRAM vs standard "Persistent Memory"
E820_PMEM.
Cc: Boaz Harrosh <[email protected]>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: Jens Axboe <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Jeff Moyer <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Ross Zwisler <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <[email protected]>
Tested-by: Toshi Kani <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <[email protected]>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mfleming/efi into x86/urgent
Pull EFI fixes from Matt Fleming:
* Avoid garbage names in efivarfs due to buggy firmware by zeroing
EFI variable name. (Ross Lagerwall)
* Stop erroneously dropping upper 32 bits of boot command line pointer
in EFI boot stub and stash them in ext_cmd_line_ptr. (Roy Franz)
* Fix double-free bug in error handling code path of EFI runtime map
code. (Dan Carpenter)
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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Until now, the EFI stub was only setting the 32 bit cmd_line_ptr in
the setup_header structure, so on 64 bit platforms this could be truncated.
This patch adds setting the upper bits of the buffer address in
ext_cmd_line_ptr. This case was likely never hit, as the allocation
for this buffer is done at the lowest available address. Only
x86_64 kernels have this problem, as the 1-1 mapping mandated
by EFI ensures that all memory is 32 bit addressable on 32 bit
platforms. The EFI stub does not support mixed mode, so the
32 bit kernel on 64 bit firmware case does not need to be handled.
Signed-off-by: Roy Franz <[email protected]>
Cc: <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <[email protected]>
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Commit:
e2b32e678513 ("x86, kaslr: randomize module base load address")
made module base address randomization unconditional and didn't regard
disabled KKASLR due to CONFIG_HIBERNATION and command line option
"nokaslr". For more info see (now reverted) commit:
f47233c2d34f ("x86/mm/ASLR: Propagate base load address calculation")
In order to propagate KASLR status to kernel proper, we need a single bit
in boot_params.hdr.loadflags and we've chosen bit 1 thus leaving the
top-down allocated bits for bits supposed to be used by the bootloader.
Originally-From: Jiri Kosina <[email protected]>
Suggested-by: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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__BOOT_TSS = (GDT_ENTRY_BOOT_TSS * 8)
GDT_ENTRY_BOOT_TSS = (GDT_ENTRY_BOOT_CS + 2)
GDT_ENTRY_BOOT_CS = 2
(2 + 2) * 8 = 4 * 8 = 32 = 0x20
No code changes.
Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <[email protected]>
Cc: Will Drewry <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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Conflicts:
arch/x86/kernel/entry_64.S
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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This reverts commit:
f47233c2d34f ("x86/mm/ASLR: Propagate base load address calculation")
The main reason for the revert is that the new boot flag does not work
at all currently, and in order to make this work, we need non-trivial
changes to the x86 boot code which we didn't manage to get done in
time for merging.
And even if we did, they would've been too risky so instead of
rushing things and break booting 4.1 on boxes left and right, we
will be very strict and conservative and will take our time with
this to fix and test it properly.
Reported-by: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <[email protected]>
Cc: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]
Cc: Jiri Kosina <[email protected]>
Cc: Josh Triplett <[email protected]>
Cc: Junjie Mao <[email protected]>
Cc: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Matt Fleming <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
|