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This change makes later calculations about where the kernel is located
easier to reason about. To better understand this change, we must first
clarify what 'VO' and 'ZO' are. These values were introduced in commits
by hpa:
77d1a4999502 ("x86, boot: make symbols from the main vmlinux available")
37ba7ab5e33c ("x86, boot: make kernel_alignment adjustable; new bzImage fields")
Specifically:
All names prefixed with 'VO_':
- relate to the uncompressed kernel image
- the size of the VO image is: VO__end-VO__text ("VO_INIT_SIZE" define)
All names prefixed with 'ZO_':
- relate to the bootable compressed kernel image (boot/compressed/vmlinux),
which is composed of the following memory areas:
- head text
- compressed kernel (VO image and relocs table)
- decompressor code
- the size of the ZO image is: ZO__end - ZO_startup_32 ("ZO_INIT_SIZE" define, though see below)
The 'INIT_SIZE' value is used to find the larger of the two image sizes:
#define ZO_INIT_SIZE (ZO__end - ZO_startup_32 + ZO_z_extract_offset)
#define VO_INIT_SIZE (VO__end - VO__text)
#if ZO_INIT_SIZE > VO_INIT_SIZE
# define INIT_SIZE ZO_INIT_SIZE
#else
# define INIT_SIZE VO_INIT_SIZE
#endif
The current code uses extract_offset to decide where to position the
copied ZO (i.e. ZO starts at extract_offset). (This is why ZO_INIT_SIZE
currently includes the extract_offset.)
Why does z_extract_offset exist? It's needed because we are trying to minimize
the amount of RAM used for the whole act of creating an uncompressed, executable,
properly relocation-linked kernel image in system memory. We do this so that
kernels can be booted on even very small systems.
To achieve the goal of minimal memory consumption we have implemented an in-place
decompression strategy: instead of cleanly separating the VO and ZO images and
also allocating some memory for the decompression code's runtime needs, we instead
create this elaborate layout of memory buffers where the output (decompressed)
stream, as it progresses, overlaps with and destroys the input (compressed)
stream. This can only be done safely if the ZO image is placed to the end of the
VO range, plus a certain amount of safety distance to make sure that when the last
bytes of the VO range are decompressed, the compressed stream pointer is safely
beyond the end of the VO range.
z_extract_offset is calculated in arch/x86/boot/compressed/mkpiggy.c during
the build process, at a point when we know the exact compressed and
uncompressed size of the kernel images and can calculate this safe minimum
offset value. (Note that the mkpiggy.c calculation is not perfect, because
we don't know the decompressor used at that stage, so the z_extract_offset
calculation is necessarily imprecise and is mostly based on gzip internals -
we'll improve that in the next patch.)
When INIT_SIZE is bigger than VO_INIT_SIZE (uncommon but possible),
the copied ZO occupies the memory from extract_offset to the end of
decompression buffer. It overlaps with the soon-to-be-uncompressed kernel
like this:
|-----compressed kernel image------|
V V
0 extract_offset +INIT_SIZE
|-----------|---------------|-------------------------|--------|
| | | |
VO__text startup_32 of ZO VO__end ZO__end
^ ^
|-------uncompressed kernel image---------|
When INIT_SIZE is equal to VO_INIT_SIZE (likely) there's still space
left from end of ZO to the end of decompressing buffer, like below.
|-compressed kernel image-|
V V
0 extract_offset +INIT_SIZE
|-----------|---------------|-------------------------|--------|
| | | |
VO__text startup_32 of ZO ZO__end VO__end
^ ^
|------------uncompressed kernel image-------------|
To simplify calculations and avoid special cases, it is cleaner to
always place the compressed kernel image in memory so that ZO__end
is at the end of the decompression buffer, instead of placing t at
the start of extract_offset as is currently done.
This patch adds BP_init_size (which is the INIT_SIZE as passed in from
the boot_params) into asm-offsets.c to make it visible to the assembly
code.
Then when moving the ZO, it calculates the starting position of
the copied ZO (via BP_init_size and the ZO run size) so that the VO__end
will be at the end of the decompression buffer. To make the position
calculation safe, the end of ZO is page aligned (and a comment is added
to the existing VO alignment for good measure).
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
[ Rewrote changelog and comments. ]
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Dave Young <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <[email protected]>
Cc: [email protected]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
[ Rewrote the changelog some more. ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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When processing the relocation table, the offset used to calculate the
relocation is an 'int'. This is sufficient for calculating the physical
address of the relocs entry on 32-bit systems and on 64-bit systems when
the relocation is under 2G.
To handle relocations above 2G (seen in situations like kexec, netboot, etc),
this offset needs to be calculated using a 'long' to avoid wrapping and
miscalculating the relocation.
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
[ Rewrote the changelog. ]
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Dave Young <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <[email protected]>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Cc: [email protected]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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Instead of having non-standard memcpy() behavior, explicitly call the new
function memmove(), make it available to the decompressors, and switch
the two overlap cases (screen scrolling and ELF parsing) to use memmove().
Additionally documents the purpose of compressed/string.c.
Suggested-by: Lasse Collin <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <[email protected]>
Cc: H.J. Lu <[email protected]>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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If KASLR is built in but not available at run-time (either due to the
current conflict with hibernation, command-line request, or e820 parsing
failures), announce the state explicitly. To support this, a new "warn"
function is created, based on the existing "error" function.
Suggested-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: H.J. Lu <[email protected]>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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Two uses of memcpy() (screen scrolling and ELF parsing) were handling
overlapping memory areas. While there were no explicitly noticed bugs
here (yet), it is best to fix this so that the copying will always be
safe.
Instead of making a new memmove() function that might collide with other
memmove() definitions in the decompressors, this just makes the compressed
boot code's copy of memcpy() overlap-safe.
Suggested-by: Lasse Collin <[email protected]>
Reported-by: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: H.J. Lu <[email protected]>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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This rearranges the pieces needed to include the decompressor code
in misc.c. It wasn't obvious why things were there, so a comment was
added and definitions consolidated.
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: H.J. Lu <[email protected]>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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The comment that describes the analysis for the size of the decompressor
code only took gzip into account (there are currently 6 other decompressors
that could be used). The actual z_extract_offset calculation in code was
already handling the correct maximum size, but this documentation hadn't
been updated. This updates the documentation, fixes several typos, moves
the comment to header.S, updates references, and adds a note at the end
of the decompressor include list to remind us about updating the comment
in the future.
(Instead of moving the comment to mkpiggy.c, where the calculation
is currently happening, it is being moved to header.S because
the calculations in mkpiggy.c will be removed in favor of header.S
calculations in a following patch, and it seemed like overkill to move
the giant comment twice, especially when there's already reference to
z_extract_offset in header.S.)
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
[ Rewrote changelog, cleaned up comment style, moved comments around. ]
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: H.J. Lu <[email protected]>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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The name "choose_kernel_location" isn't specific enough, and doesn't
describe the primary thing it does: choosing a random location. This
patch renames it to "choose_random_location", and clarifies the what
routines are contained in the kaslr.c source file.
Suggested-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: H.J. Lu <[email protected]>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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The function "decompress_kernel" now performs many more duties, so this
patch renames it to "extract_kernel" and updates callers and comments.
Additionally the file header comment for misc.c is improved to actually
describe what is contained.
Suggested-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: H.J. Lu <[email protected]>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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The non-compressed boot code uses the (much more obvious) name
"boot_params" for the global pointer to the x86 boot parameters. The
compressed kernel loader code, though, was using the legacy name
"real_mode". There is no need to have a different name, and changing it
improves readability.
Suggested-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: H.J. Lu <[email protected]>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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Since the boot_params can be found using the real_mode global variable,
there is no need to pass around a pointer to it. This slightly simplifies
the choose_kernel_location function and its callers.
[kees: rewrote changelog, tracked file rename]
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <[email protected]>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Cc: H.J. Lu <[email protected]>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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When loading x86 64bit kernel above 4GiB with patched grub2, got kernel
gunzip error.
| early console in decompress_kernel
| decompress_kernel:
| input: [0x807f2143b4-0x807ff61aee]
| output: [0x807cc00000-0x807f3ea29b] 0x027ea29c: output_len
| boot via startup_64
| KASLR using RDTSC...
| new output: [0x46fe000000-0x470138cfff] 0x0338d000: output_run_size
| decompress: [0x46fe000000-0x47007ea29b] <=== [0x807f2143b4-0x807ff61aee]
|
| Decompressing Linux... gz...
|
| uncompression error
|
| -- System halted
the new buffer is at 0x46fe000000ULL, decompressor_gzip is using
0xffffffb901ffffff as out_len. gunzip in lib/zlib_inflate/inflate.c cap
that len to 0x01ffffff and decompress fails later.
We could hit this problem with crashkernel booting that uses kexec loading
kernel above 4GiB.
We have decompress_* support:
1. inbuf[]/outbuf[] for kernel preboot.
2. inbuf[]/flush() for initramfs
3. fill()/flush() for initrd.
This bug only affect kernel preboot path that use outbuf[].
Add __decompress and take real out_buf_len for gunzip instead of guessing
wrong buf size.
Fixes: 1431574a1c4 (lib/decompressors: fix "no limit" output buffer length)
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Cc: Alexandre Courbot <[email protected]>
Cc: Jon Medhurst <[email protected]>
Cc: Stephen Warren <[email protected]>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
Cc: <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
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This is useful for reporting various addresses or other values
while debugging early boot, for example, the recent kernel image
size vs kernel run size. For example, when
CONFIG_X86_VERBOSE_BOOTUP is set, this is now visible at boot
time:
early console in setup code
early console in decompress_kernel
input_data: 0x0000000001e1526e
input_len: 0x0000000000732236
output: 0x0000000001000000
output_len: 0x0000000001535640
run_size: 0x00000000021fb000
KASLR using RDTSC...
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Jan Beulich <[email protected]>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <[email protected]>
Cc: Joe Perches <[email protected]>
Cc: Josh Triplett <[email protected]>
Cc: Junjie Mao <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <[email protected]>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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Commit:
e2b32e678513 ("x86, kaslr: randomize module base load address")
made module base address randomization unconditional and didn't regard
disabled KKASLR due to CONFIG_HIBERNATION and command line option
"nokaslr". For more info see (now reverted) commit:
f47233c2d34f ("x86/mm/ASLR: Propagate base load address calculation")
In order to propagate KASLR status to kernel proper, we need a single bit
in boot_params.hdr.loadflags and we've chosen bit 1 thus leaving the
top-down allocated bits for bits supposed to be used by the bootloader.
Originally-From: Jiri Kosina <[email protected]>
Suggested-by: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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This reverts commit:
f47233c2d34f ("x86/mm/ASLR: Propagate base load address calculation")
The main reason for the revert is that the new boot flag does not work
at all currently, and in order to make this work, we need non-trivial
changes to the x86 boot code which we didn't manage to get done in
time for merging.
And even if we did, they would've been too risky so instead of
rushing things and break booting 4.1 on boxes left and right, we
will be very strict and conservative and will take our time with
this to fix and test it properly.
Reported-by: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <[email protected]>
Cc: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]
Cc: Jiri Kosina <[email protected]>
Cc: Josh Triplett <[email protected]>
Cc: Junjie Mao <[email protected]>
Cc: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Matt Fleming <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
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Commit:
e2b32e678513 ("x86, kaslr: randomize module base load address")
makes the base address for module to be unconditionally randomized in
case when CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE is defined and "nokaslr" option isn't
present on the commandline.
This is not consistent with how choose_kernel_location() decides whether
it will randomize kernel load base.
Namely, CONFIG_HIBERNATION disables kASLR (unless "kaslr" option is
explicitly specified on kernel commandline), which makes the state space
larger than what module loader is looking at. IOW CONFIG_HIBERNATION &&
CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE is a valid config option, kASLR wouldn't be applied
by default in that case, but module loader is not aware of that.
Instead of fixing the logic in module.c, this patch takes more generic
aproach. It introduces a new bootparam setup data_type SETUP_KASLR and
uses that to pass the information whether kaslr has been applied during
kernel decompression, and sets a global 'kaslr_enabled' variable
accordingly, so that any kernel code (module loading, livepatching, ...)
can make decisions based on its value.
x86 module loader is converted to make use of this flag.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <[email protected]>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
[ Always dump correct kaslr status when panicking ]
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
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On 64-bit, relocation is not required unless the load address gets
changed. Without this, relocations do unexpected things when the kernel
is above 4G.
Reported-by: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Tested-by: Thomas D. <[email protected]>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <[email protected]>
Cc: Jan Beulich <[email protected]>
Cc: Junjie Mao <[email protected]>
Cc: Andi Kleen <[email protected]>
Cc: [email protected]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull x86 boot and percpu updates from Ingo Molnar:
"This tree contains a bootable images documentation update plus three
slightly misplaced x86/asm percpu changes/optimizations"
* 'x86-boot-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86-64: Use RIP-relative addressing for most per-CPU accesses
x86-64: Handle PC-relative relocations on per-CPU data
x86: Convert a few more per-CPU items to read-mostly ones
x86, boot: Document intermediates more clearly
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This is in preparation of using RIP-relative addressing in many of the
per-CPU accesses.
Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
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When choosing a random address, the current implementation does not take into
account the reversed space for .bss and .brk sections. Thus the relocated kernel
may overlap other components in memory. Here is an example of the overlap from a
x86_64 kernel in qemu (the ranges of physical addresses are presented):
Physical Address
0x0fe00000 --+--------------------+ <-- randomized base
/ | relocated kernel |
vmlinux.bin | (from vmlinux.bin) |
0x1336d000 (an ELF file) +--------------------+--
\ | | \
0x1376d870 --+--------------------+ |
| relocs table | |
0x13c1c2a8 +--------------------+ .bss and .brk
| | |
0x13ce6000 +--------------------+ |
| | /
0x13f77000 | initrd |--
| |
0x13fef374 +--------------------+
The initrd image will then be overwritten by the memset during early
initialization:
[ 1.655204] Unpacking initramfs...
[ 1.662831] Initramfs unpacking failed: junk in compressed archive
This patch prevents the above situation by requiring a larger space when looking
for a random kernel base, so that existing logic can effectively avoids the
overlap.
[kees: switched to perl to avoid hex translation pain in mawk vs gawk]
[kees: calculated overlap without relocs table]
Fixes: 82fa9637a2 ("x86, kaslr: Select random position from e820 maps")
Reported-by: Fengguang Wu <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Junjie Mao <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Josh Triplett <[email protected]>
Cc: Matt Fleming <[email protected]>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <[email protected]>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <[email protected]>
Cc: Andi Kleen <[email protected]>
Cc: [email protected]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
|
|
As requested by Linus add explicit __visible to the asmlinkage users.
This marks all functions visible to assembler.
Tree sweep for arch/x86/*
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
|
|
Currently compressed/misc.c needs to link against memset(). I think one of
the reasons of this need is inclusion of various header files which define
static inline functions and use memset() inside these. For example,
include/linux/bitmap.h
I think trying to include "../string.h" and using builtin version of memset
does not work because by the time "#define memset" shows up, it is too
late. Some other header file has already used memset() and expects to
find a definition during link phase.
Currently we have a C definitoin of memset() in misc.c. Move it to
compressed/string.c so that others can use it if need be.
Signed-off-by: Vivek Goyal <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
|
|
Move optimized versions of memcpy to compressed/string.c This will allow
any other code to use these functions too if need be in future. Again
trying to put definition in a common place instead of hiding it in misc.c
Signed-off-by: Vivek Goyal <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
|
|
Counts available alignment positions across all e820 maps, and chooses
one randomly for the new kernel base address, making sure not to collide
with unsafe memory areas.
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
|
|
This allows decompress_kernel to return a new location for the kernel to
be relocated to. Additionally, enforces CONFIG_PHYSICAL_START as the
minimum relocation position when building with CONFIG_RELOCATABLE.
With CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE set, the choose_kernel_location routine
will select a new location to decompress the kernel, though here it is
presently a no-op. The kernel command line option "nokaslr" is introduced
to bypass these routines.
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
|
|
Moves the relocation handling into C, after decompression. This requires
that the decompressed size is passed to the decompression routine as
well so that relocations can be found. Only kernels that need relocation
support will use the code (currently just x86_32), but this is laying
the ground work for 64-bit using it in support of KASLR.
Based on work by Neill Clift and Michael Davidson.
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Acked-by: Zhang Yanfei <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
|
|
Integrates the LZ4 decompression code to the arm pre-boot code.
Signed-off-by: Kyungsik Lee <[email protected]>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <[email protected]>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Russell King <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Florian Fainelli <[email protected]>
Cc: Yann Collet <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
|
|
Use the new sentinel field to detect bootloaders which fail to follow
protocol and don't initialize fields in struct boot_params that they
do not explicitly initialize to zero.
Based on an original patch and research by Yinghai Lu.
Changed by hpa to be invoked both in the decompression path and in the
kernel proper; the latter for the case where a bootloader takes over
decompression.
Originally-by: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
|
|
As we're no longer using the flag we don't need to extract the value from the
command line and store it. This is a step towards removing command line
parameter code.
Signed-off-by: Joe Millenbach <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Gokul Caushik <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
|
|
compilation
Changed putstr flagging from parameter to conditional compilation for puts,
debug_putstr, and error_putstr. This allows for space savings since most
configurations won't use this feature.
Signed-off-by: Joe Millenbach <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Gokul Caushik <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
|
|
For consistency we changed the error output path to match the new debug path.
Signed-off-by: Joe Millenbach <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Gokul Caushik <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
|
|
Change all instances of if (debug) putstr(...) to a new debug_putstr(...).
This allows a future change to conditionally stub out debug_putstr to save
space.
Signed-off-by: Joe Millenbach <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Gokul Caushik <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
|
|
There are only 3 uses of the quiet flag and they all protect output that
is only useful for debugging the stub, therefore we switched to using the
debug flag for all extra output.
Signed-off-by: Joe Millenbach <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Gokul Caushik <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
|
|
We allocate memory with malloc(), but neglect to free it before
the variable 'phdrs' goes out of scope --> leak.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Juhl <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
[ Mostly harmless. ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
|
|
This integrates the XZ decompression code to the x86 pre-boot code.
mkpiggy.c is updated to reserve about 32 KiB more buffer safety margin for
kernel decompression. It is done unconditionally for all decompressors to
keep the code simpler.
The XZ decompressor needs around 30 KiB of heap, so the heap size is
increased to 32 KiB on both x86-32 and x86-64.
Documentation/x86/boot.txt is updated to list the XZ magic number.
With the x86 BCJ filter in XZ, XZ-compressed x86 kernel tends to be a few
percent smaller than the equivalent LZMA-compressed kernel.
Signed-off-by: Lasse Collin <[email protected]>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <[email protected]>
Cc: Alain Knaff <[email protected]>
Cc: Albin Tonnerre <[email protected]>
Cc: Phillip Lougher <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
|
|
A relocatable kernel can be anywhere in lowmem -- and in the case of a
kdump kernel, is likely to be fairly high. Since the early page
tables map everything from address zero up we need to make sure we
allocate enough brk that we can map all of lowmem if we need to.
Reported-by: Stanislaw Gruszka <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Tested-by: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
LKML-Reference: <[email protected]>
|
|
The kernel decompression code parses the ELF header and then copies
the segment to the corresponding destination. Currently it uses slow
byte-copy code. This patch makes it use the string copy operations
instead.
In the test the copy performance can be improved very significantly after using
the string copy operation mechanism.
1. The copy time can be reduced from 150ms to 20ms on one Atom machine
2. The copy time can be reduced about 80% on another machine
The time is reduced from 7ms to 1.5ms when using 32-bit kernel.
The time is reduced from 10ms to 2ms when using 64-bit kernel.
Signed-off-by: Zhao Yakui <[email protected]>
LKML-Reference: <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
|
|
This enables the decompressor output to be seen on the serial console.
Most of the code is shared with the regular boot code.
We could add printf to the decompressor if needed, but currently there
is no sufficiently compelling user.
-v2: define BOOT_BOOT_H to avoid include boot.h
-v3: early_serial_base need to be static in misc.c ?
-v4: create seperate string.c printf.c cmdline.c early_serial_console.c
after hpa's patch that allow global variables in compressed/misc stage
-v5: remove printf.c related
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
|
|
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip
* 'x86-setup-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
x86, setup: Don't skip mode setting for the standard VGA modes
x86-64, setup: Inhibit decompressor output if video info is invalid
x86, setup: When restoring the screen, update boot_params.screen_info
|
|
Inhibit output from the kernel decompressor if the video information
is invalid. This was already the case for 32 bits, make 64 bits
match.
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
LKML-Reference: <tip-*@git.kernel.org>
|
|
Iomem has no special significance on x86. Use the standard mem*
functions instead of trying to call other versions. Some fixups
are needed to match the function prototypes.
Signed-off-by: Brian Gerst <[email protected]>
LKML-Reference: <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
|
|
The necessary changes to the x86 Kconfig and boot/compressed to allow the
use of this new compression method
Signed-off-by: Albin Tonnerre <[email protected]>
Acked-by: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
Tested-by: Wu Zhangjin <[email protected]>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Tested-by: Russell King <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Russell King <[email protected]>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
|
|
arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.c contains several sanity checks on the
output address. Correct constraints that are no longer correct:
- the alignment test should be MIN_KERNEL_ALIGN on both 32 and 64
bits.
- the 64 bit maximum address was set to 2^40, which was the limit of
one specific x86-64 implementation. Change the test to 2^46, the
current Linux limit, and at least try to test the end rather than
the beginning.
- for non-relocatable kernels, test against LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR on both
32 and 64 bits.
[ Impact: fix potential boot failure due to invalid tests ]
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
|
|
Impact: Replaces x86 kernel decompressor with new code
This is the third part of the bzip2/lzma patch
The bzip patch is based on an idea by Christian Ludwig, includes support for
compressing the kernel with bzip2 or lzma rather than gzip. Both
compressors give smaller sizes than gzip. Lzma's decompresses faster
than bzip2.
It also supports ramdisks and initramfs' compressed using these two
compressors.
The functionality has been successfully used for a couple of years by
the udpcast project
This version applies to "tip" kernel 2.6.28
This part contains:
- support for new bzip2 and lzma kernel compression for x86
Signed-off-by: Alain Knaff <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
|
|
Change header guards named "ASM_X86__*" to "_ASM_X86_*" since:
a. the double underscore is ugly and pointless.
b. no leading underscore violates namespace constraints.
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
|
|
'x86/crashdump', 'x86/debug', 'x86/defconfig', 'x86/doc', 'x86/exports', 'x86/fpu', 'x86/gart', 'x86/idle', 'x86/mm', 'x86/mtrr', 'x86/nmi-watchdog', 'x86/oprofile', 'x86/paravirt', 'x86/reboot', 'x86/sparse-fixes', 'x86/tsc', 'x86/urgent' and 'x86/vmalloc' into x86-v28-for-linus-phase1
|
|
Before:
total: 4 errors, 6 warnings, 439 lines checked
After:
total: 1 errors, 5 warnings, 441 lines checked
Before
-#include <asm/io.h>
+#include <linux/io.h>
paolo@paolo-desktop:~/linux.trees.git$ md5sum /tmp/misc.o.*
8b2394e1fe519a9542e9a7e3e7b69c39 /tmp/misc.o.after
8b2394e1fe519a9542e9a7e3e7b69c39 /tmp/misc.o.before
After
-#include <asm/io.h>
+#include <linux/io.h>
paolo@paolo-desktop:~/linux.trees.git$ md5sum /tmp/misc.o.*
59a2d264284be5e72b5af4f3a8ccfb47 /tmp/misc.o.after
8b2394e1fe519a9542e9a7e3e7b69c39 /tmp/misc.o.before
Signed-off-by: Paolo Ciarrocchi <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
|
|
Conflicts:
include/asm-x86/gpio.h
include/asm-x86/ide.h
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
|
|
Inflate requires some dynamic memory allocation very early in the boot
process and this is provided with a set of four functions:
malloc/free/gzip_mark/gzip_release.
The old inflate code used a mark/release strategy rather than implement
free. This new version instead keeps a count on the number of outstanding
allocations and when it hits zero, it resets the malloc arena.
This allows removing all the mark and release implementations and unifying
all the malloc/free implementations.
The architecture-dependent code must define two addresses:
- free_mem_ptr, the address of the beginning of the area in which
allocations should be made
- free_mem_end_ptr, the address of the end of the area in which
allocations should be made. If set to 0, then no check is made on
the number of allocations, it just grows as much as needed
The architecture-dependent code can also provide an arch_decomp_wdog()
function call. This function will be called several times during the
decompression process, and allow to notify the watchdog that the system is
still running. If an architecture provides such a call, then it must
define ARCH_HAS_DECOMP_WDOG so that the generic inflate code calls
arch_decomp_wdog().
Work initially done by Matt Mackall, updated to a recent version of the
kernel and improved by me.
[[email protected]: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <[email protected]>
Cc: Matt Mackall <[email protected]>
Cc: Richard Henderson <[email protected]>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <[email protected]>
Cc: Mikael Starvik <[email protected]>
Cc: Jesper Nilsson <[email protected]>
Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <[email protected]>
Cc: David Howells <[email protected]>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Andi Kleen <[email protected]>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Paul Mundt <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Yoshinori Sato <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
|
|
This patch consolidates the header guard names which are also used
externally, i.e. in .c files.
Signed-off-by: Vegard Nossum <[email protected]>
|