diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'tools/testing')
-rw-r--r-- | tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/benchmarks/null_syscall.c | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/include/reg.h | 8 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/include/utils.h | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/pmu/ebb/fork_cleanup_test.c | 1 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/tm/.gitignore | 1 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/tm/Makefile | 4 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/tm/tm-signal-context-force-tm.c | 184 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | tools/testing/selftests/safesetid/.gitignore | 1 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | tools/testing/selftests/safesetid/Makefile | 8 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | tools/testing/selftests/safesetid/config | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | tools/testing/selftests/safesetid/safesetid-test.c | 334 | ||||
-rwxr-xr-x | tools/testing/selftests/safesetid/safesetid-test.sh | 26 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | tools/testing/selftests/vm/map_hugetlb.c | 29 |
13 files changed, 597 insertions, 5 deletions
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/benchmarks/null_syscall.c b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/benchmarks/null_syscall.c index ecc14d68e101..908de689a902 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/benchmarks/null_syscall.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/benchmarks/null_syscall.c @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ unsigned long long clock_frequency; unsigned long long timebase_frequency; double timebase_multiplier; -static inline unsigned long long mftb(void) +static inline unsigned long mftb(void) { unsigned long low; diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/include/reg.h b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/include/reg.h index 52b4710469d2..96043b9b9829 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/include/reg.h +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/include/reg.h @@ -77,6 +77,14 @@ #define TEXASR_TE 0x0000000004000000 #define TEXASR_ROT 0x0000000002000000 +/* MSR register bits */ +#define MSR_TS_S_LG 33 /* Trans Mem state: Suspended */ + +#define __MASK(X) (1UL<<(X)) + +/* macro to check TM MSR bits */ +#define MSR_TS_S __MASK(MSR_TS_S_LG) /* Transaction Suspended */ + /* Vector Instructions */ #define VSX_XX1(xs, ra, rb) (((xs) & 0x1f) << 21 | ((ra) << 16) | \ ((rb) << 11) | (((xs) >> 5))) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/include/utils.h b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/include/utils.h index ae43a614835d..7636bf45d5d5 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/include/utils.h +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/include/utils.h @@ -102,8 +102,10 @@ do { \ #if defined(__powerpc64__) #define UCONTEXT_NIA(UC) (UC)->uc_mcontext.gp_regs[PT_NIP] +#define UCONTEXT_MSR(UC) (UC)->uc_mcontext.gp_regs[PT_MSR] #elif defined(__powerpc__) #define UCONTEXT_NIA(UC) (UC)->uc_mcontext.uc_regs->gregs[PT_NIP] +#define UCONTEXT_MSR(UC) (UC)->uc_mcontext.uc_regs->gregs[PT_MSR] #else #error implement UCONTEXT_NIA #endif diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/pmu/ebb/fork_cleanup_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/pmu/ebb/fork_cleanup_test.c index 167135bd92a8..af1b80265076 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/pmu/ebb/fork_cleanup_test.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/pmu/ebb/fork_cleanup_test.c @@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ #include <sys/wait.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <setjmp.h> -#include <signal.h> #include "ebb.h" diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/tm/.gitignore b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/tm/.gitignore index 208452a93e2c..951fe855f7cd 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/tm/.gitignore +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/tm/.gitignore @@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ tm-signal-context-chk-fpu tm-signal-context-chk-gpr tm-signal-context-chk-vmx tm-signal-context-chk-vsx +tm-signal-context-force-tm tm-signal-sigreturn-nt tm-vmx-unavail tm-unavailable diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/tm/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/tm/Makefile index 75a685359129..c0734ed0ef56 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/tm/Makefile +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/tm/Makefile @@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ SIGNAL_CONTEXT_CHK_TESTS := tm-signal-context-chk-gpr tm-signal-context-chk-fpu TEST_GEN_PROGS := tm-resched-dscr tm-syscall tm-signal-msr-resv tm-signal-stack \ tm-vmxcopy tm-fork tm-tar tm-tmspr tm-vmx-unavail tm-unavailable tm-trap \ - $(SIGNAL_CONTEXT_CHK_TESTS) tm-sigreturn tm-signal-sigreturn-nt + $(SIGNAL_CONTEXT_CHK_TESTS) tm-sigreturn tm-signal-sigreturn-nt \ + tm-signal-context-force-tm top_srcdir = ../../../../.. include ../../lib.mk @@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ $(OUTPUT)/tm-vmx-unavail: CFLAGS += -pthread -m64 $(OUTPUT)/tm-resched-dscr: ../pmu/lib.c $(OUTPUT)/tm-unavailable: CFLAGS += -O0 -pthread -m64 -Wno-error=uninitialized -mvsx $(OUTPUT)/tm-trap: CFLAGS += -O0 -pthread -m64 +$(OUTPUT)/tm-signal-context-force-tm: CFLAGS += -pthread -m64 SIGNAL_CONTEXT_CHK_TESTS := $(patsubst %,$(OUTPUT)/%,$(SIGNAL_CONTEXT_CHK_TESTS)) $(SIGNAL_CONTEXT_CHK_TESTS): tm-signal.S diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/tm/tm-signal-context-force-tm.c b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/tm/tm-signal-context-force-tm.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..31717625f318 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/tm/tm-signal-context-force-tm.c @@ -0,0 +1,184 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +/* + * Copyright 2018, Breno Leitao, Gustavo Romero, IBM Corp. + * + * This test raises a SIGUSR1 signal, and toggle the MSR[TS] + * fields at the signal handler. With MSR[TS] being set, the kernel will + * force a recheckpoint, which may cause a segfault when returning to + * user space. Since the test needs to re-run, the segfault needs to be + * caught and handled. + * + * In order to continue the test even after a segfault, the context is + * saved prior to the signal being raised, and it is restored when there is + * a segmentation fault. This happens for COUNT_MAX times. + * + * This test never fails (as returning EXIT_FAILURE). It either succeeds, + * or crash the kernel (on a buggy kernel). + */ + +#define _GNU_SOURCE +#include <stdio.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <signal.h> +#include <string.h> +#include <ucontext.h> +#include <unistd.h> +#include <sys/mman.h> + +#include "tm.h" +#include "utils.h" +#include "reg.h" + +#define COUNT_MAX 5000 /* Number of interactions */ + +/* + * This test only runs on 64 bits system. Unsetting MSR_TS_S to avoid + * compilation issue on 32 bits system. There is no side effect, since the + * whole test will be skipped if it is not running on 64 bits system. + */ +#ifndef __powerpc64__ +#undef MSR_TS_S +#define MSR_TS_S 0 +#endif + +/* Setting contexts because the test will crash and we want to recover */ +ucontext_t init_context, main_context; + +static int count, first_time; + +void usr_signal_handler(int signo, siginfo_t *si, void *uc) +{ + ucontext_t *ucp = uc; + int ret; + + /* + * Allocating memory in a signal handler, and never freeing it on + * purpose, forcing the heap increase, so, the memory leak is what + * we want here. + */ + ucp->uc_link = mmap(NULL, sizeof(ucontext_t), + PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, + MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, 0, 0); + if (ucp->uc_link == (void *)-1) { + perror("Mmap failed"); + exit(-1); + } + + /* Forcing the page to be allocated in a page fault */ + ret = madvise(ucp->uc_link, sizeof(ucontext_t), MADV_DONTNEED); + if (ret) { + perror("madvise failed"); + exit(-1); + } + + memcpy(&ucp->uc_link->uc_mcontext, &ucp->uc_mcontext, + sizeof(ucp->uc_mcontext)); + + /* Forcing to enable MSR[TM] */ + UCONTEXT_MSR(ucp) |= MSR_TS_S; + + /* + * A fork inside a signal handler seems to be more efficient than a + * fork() prior to the signal being raised. + */ + if (fork() == 0) { + /* + * Both child and parent will return, but, child returns + * with count set so it will exit in the next segfault. + * Parent will continue to loop. + */ + count = COUNT_MAX; + } + + /* + * If the change above does not hit the bug, it will cause a + * segmentation fault, since the ck structures are NULL. + */ +} + +void seg_signal_handler(int signo, siginfo_t *si, void *uc) +{ + if (count == COUNT_MAX) { + /* Return to tm_signal_force_msr() and exit */ + setcontext(&main_context); + } + + count++; + + /* Reexecute the test */ + setcontext(&init_context); +} + +void tm_trap_test(void) +{ + struct sigaction usr_sa, seg_sa; + stack_t ss; + + usr_sa.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO | SA_ONSTACK; + usr_sa.sa_sigaction = usr_signal_handler; + + seg_sa.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO; + seg_sa.sa_sigaction = seg_signal_handler; + + /* + * Set initial context. Will get back here from + * seg_signal_handler() + */ + getcontext(&init_context); + + /* Allocated an alternative signal stack area */ + ss.ss_sp = mmap(NULL, SIGSTKSZ, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, + MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, 0, 0); + ss.ss_size = SIGSTKSZ; + ss.ss_flags = 0; + + if (ss.ss_sp == (void *)-1) { + perror("mmap error\n"); + exit(-1); + } + + /* Force the allocation through a page fault */ + if (madvise(ss.ss_sp, SIGSTKSZ, MADV_DONTNEED)) { + perror("madvise\n"); + exit(-1); + } + + /* Setting an alternative stack to generate a page fault when + * the signal is raised. + */ + if (sigaltstack(&ss, NULL)) { + perror("sigaltstack\n"); + exit(-1); + } + + /* The signal handler will enable MSR_TS */ + sigaction(SIGUSR1, &usr_sa, NULL); + /* If it does not crash, it will segfault, avoid it to retest */ + sigaction(SIGSEGV, &seg_sa, NULL); + + raise(SIGUSR1); +} + +int tm_signal_context_force_tm(void) +{ + SKIP_IF(!have_htm()); + /* + * Skipping if not running on 64 bits system, since I think it is + * not possible to set mcontext's [MSR] with TS, due to it being 32 + * bits. + */ + SKIP_IF(!is_ppc64le()); + + /* Will get back here after COUNT_MAX interactions */ + getcontext(&main_context); + + if (!first_time++) + tm_trap_test(); + + return EXIT_SUCCESS; +} + +int main(int argc, char **argv) +{ + test_harness(tm_signal_context_force_tm, "tm_signal_context_force_tm"); +} diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/safesetid/.gitignore b/tools/testing/selftests/safesetid/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..9c1a629bca01 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/safesetid/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +safesetid-test diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/safesetid/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/safesetid/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..98da7a504737 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/safesetid/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +# Makefile for mount selftests. +CFLAGS = -Wall -lcap -O2 + +TEST_PROGS := run_tests.sh +TEST_GEN_FILES := safesetid-test + +include ../lib.mk diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/safesetid/config b/tools/testing/selftests/safesetid/config new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..9d44e5c2e096 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/safesetid/config @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +CONFIG_SECURITY=y +CONFIG_SECURITYFS=y diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/safesetid/safesetid-test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/safesetid/safesetid-test.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..892c8e8b1b8b --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/safesetid/safesetid-test.c @@ -0,0 +1,334 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +#define _GNU_SOURCE +#include <stdio.h> +#include <errno.h> +#include <pwd.h> +#include <string.h> +#include <syscall.h> +#include <sys/capability.h> +#include <sys/types.h> +#include <sys/mount.h> +#include <sys/prctl.h> +#include <sys/wait.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <unistd.h> +#include <fcntl.h> +#include <stdbool.h> +#include <stdarg.h> + +#ifndef CLONE_NEWUSER +# define CLONE_NEWUSER 0x10000000 +#endif + +#define ROOT_USER 0 +#define RESTRICTED_PARENT 1 +#define ALLOWED_CHILD1 2 +#define ALLOWED_CHILD2 3 +#define NO_POLICY_USER 4 + +char* add_whitelist_policy_file = "/sys/kernel/security/safesetid/add_whitelist_policy"; + +static void die(char *fmt, ...) +{ + va_list ap; + va_start(ap, fmt); + vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap); + va_end(ap); + exit(EXIT_FAILURE); +} + +static bool vmaybe_write_file(bool enoent_ok, char *filename, char *fmt, va_list ap) +{ + char buf[4096]; + int fd; + ssize_t written; + int buf_len; + + buf_len = vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, ap); + if (buf_len < 0) { + printf("vsnprintf failed: %s\n", + strerror(errno)); + return false; + } + if (buf_len >= sizeof(buf)) { + printf("vsnprintf output truncated\n"); + return false; + } + + fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY); + if (fd < 0) { + if ((errno == ENOENT) && enoent_ok) + return true; + return false; + } + written = write(fd, buf, buf_len); + if (written != buf_len) { + if (written >= 0) { + printf("short write to %s\n", filename); + return false; + } else { + printf("write to %s failed: %s\n", + filename, strerror(errno)); + return false; + } + } + if (close(fd) != 0) { + printf("close of %s failed: %s\n", + filename, strerror(errno)); + return false; + } + return true; +} + +static bool write_file(char *filename, char *fmt, ...) +{ + va_list ap; + bool ret; + + va_start(ap, fmt); + ret = vmaybe_write_file(false, filename, fmt, ap); + va_end(ap); + + return ret; +} + +static void ensure_user_exists(uid_t uid) +{ + struct passwd p; + + FILE *fd; + char name_str[10]; + + if (getpwuid(uid) == NULL) { + memset(&p,0x00,sizeof(p)); + fd=fopen("/etc/passwd","a"); + if (fd == NULL) + die("couldn't open file\n"); + if (fseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END)) + die("couldn't fseek\n"); + snprintf(name_str, 10, "%d", uid); + p.pw_name=name_str; + p.pw_uid=uid; + p.pw_gecos="Test account"; + p.pw_dir="/dev/null"; + p.pw_shell="/bin/false"; + int value = putpwent(&p,fd); + if (value != 0) + die("putpwent failed\n"); + if (fclose(fd)) + die("fclose failed\n"); + } +} + +static void ensure_securityfs_mounted(void) +{ + int fd = open(add_whitelist_policy_file, O_WRONLY); + if (fd < 0) { + if (errno == ENOENT) { + // Need to mount securityfs + if (mount("securityfs", "/sys/kernel/security", + "securityfs", 0, NULL) < 0) + die("mounting securityfs failed\n"); + } else { + die("couldn't find securityfs for unknown reason\n"); + } + } else { + if (close(fd) != 0) { + die("close of %s failed: %s\n", + add_whitelist_policy_file, strerror(errno)); + } + } +} + +static void write_policies(void) +{ + ssize_t written; + int fd; + + fd = open(add_whitelist_policy_file, O_WRONLY); + if (fd < 0) + die("cant open add_whitelist_policy file\n"); + written = write(fd, "1:2", strlen("1:2")); + if (written != strlen("1:2")) { + if (written >= 0) { + die("short write to %s\n", add_whitelist_policy_file); + } else { + die("write to %s failed: %s\n", + add_whitelist_policy_file, strerror(errno)); + } + } + written = write(fd, "1:3", strlen("1:3")); + if (written != strlen("1:3")) { + if (written >= 0) { + die("short write to %s\n", add_whitelist_policy_file); + } else { + die("write to %s failed: %s\n", + add_whitelist_policy_file, strerror(errno)); + } + } + if (close(fd) != 0) { + die("close of %s failed: %s\n", + add_whitelist_policy_file, strerror(errno)); + } +} + +static bool test_userns(bool expect_success) +{ + uid_t uid; + char map_file_name[32]; + size_t sz = sizeof(map_file_name); + pid_t cpid; + bool success; + + uid = getuid(); + + int clone_flags = CLONE_NEWUSER; + cpid = syscall(SYS_clone, clone_flags, NULL); + if (cpid == -1) { + printf("clone failed"); + return false; + } + + if (cpid == 0) { /* Code executed by child */ + // Give parent 1 second to write map file + sleep(1); + exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); + } else { /* Code executed by parent */ + if(snprintf(map_file_name, sz, "/proc/%d/uid_map", cpid) < 0) { + printf("preparing file name string failed"); + return false; + } + success = write_file(map_file_name, "0 0 1", uid); + return success == expect_success; + } + + printf("should not reach here"); + return false; +} + +static void test_setuid(uid_t child_uid, bool expect_success) +{ + pid_t cpid, w; + int wstatus; + + cpid = fork(); + if (cpid == -1) { + die("fork\n"); + } + + if (cpid == 0) { /* Code executed by child */ + setuid(child_uid); + if (getuid() == child_uid) + exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); + else + exit(EXIT_FAILURE); + } else { /* Code executed by parent */ + do { + w = waitpid(cpid, &wstatus, WUNTRACED | WCONTINUED); + if (w == -1) { + die("waitpid\n"); + } + + if (WIFEXITED(wstatus)) { + if (WEXITSTATUS(wstatus) == EXIT_SUCCESS) { + if (expect_success) { + return; + } else { + die("unexpected success\n"); + } + } else { + if (expect_success) { + die("unexpected failure\n"); + } else { + return; + } + } + } else if (WIFSIGNALED(wstatus)) { + if (WTERMSIG(wstatus) == 9) { + if (expect_success) + die("killed unexpectedly\n"); + else + return; + } else { + die("unexpected signal: %d\n", wstatus); + } + } else { + die("unexpected status: %d\n", wstatus); + } + } while (!WIFEXITED(wstatus) && !WIFSIGNALED(wstatus)); + } + + die("should not reach here\n"); +} + +static void ensure_users_exist(void) +{ + ensure_user_exists(ROOT_USER); + ensure_user_exists(RESTRICTED_PARENT); + ensure_user_exists(ALLOWED_CHILD1); + ensure_user_exists(ALLOWED_CHILD2); + ensure_user_exists(NO_POLICY_USER); +} + +static void drop_caps(bool setid_retained) +{ + cap_value_t cap_values[] = {CAP_SETUID, CAP_SETGID}; + cap_t caps; + + caps = cap_get_proc(); + if (setid_retained) + cap_set_flag(caps, CAP_EFFECTIVE, 2, cap_values, CAP_SET); + else + cap_clear(caps); + cap_set_proc(caps); + cap_free(caps); +} + +int main(int argc, char **argv) +{ + ensure_users_exist(); + ensure_securityfs_mounted(); + write_policies(); + + if (prctl(PR_SET_KEEPCAPS, 1L)) + die("Error with set keepcaps\n"); + + // First test to make sure we can write userns mappings from a user + // that doesn't have any restrictions (as long as it has CAP_SETUID); + setuid(NO_POLICY_USER); + setgid(NO_POLICY_USER); + + // Take away all but setid caps + drop_caps(true); + + // Need PR_SET_DUMPABLE flag set so we can write /proc/[pid]/uid_map + // from non-root parent process. + if (prctl(PR_SET_DUMPABLE, 1, 0, 0, 0)) + die("Error with set dumpable\n"); + + if (!test_userns(true)) { + die("test_userns failed when it should work\n"); + } + + setuid(RESTRICTED_PARENT); + setgid(RESTRICTED_PARENT); + + test_setuid(ROOT_USER, false); + test_setuid(ALLOWED_CHILD1, true); + test_setuid(ALLOWED_CHILD2, true); + test_setuid(NO_POLICY_USER, false); + + if (!test_userns(false)) { + die("test_userns worked when it should fail\n"); + } + + // Now take away all caps + drop_caps(false); + test_setuid(2, false); + test_setuid(3, false); + test_setuid(4, false); + + // NOTE: this test doesn't clean up users that were created in + // /etc/passwd or flush policies that were added to the LSM. + return EXIT_SUCCESS; +} diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/safesetid/safesetid-test.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/safesetid/safesetid-test.sh new file mode 100755 index 000000000000..e4fdce675c54 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/safesetid/safesetid-test.sh @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +#!/bin/bash + +TCID="safesetid-test.sh" +errcode=0 + +# Kselftest framework requirement - SKIP code is 4. +ksft_skip=4 + +check_root() +{ + uid=$(id -u) + if [ $uid -ne 0 ]; then + echo $TCID: must be run as root >&2 + exit $ksft_skip + fi +} + +main_function() +{ + check_root + ./safesetid-test +} + +main_function +echo "$TCID: done" +exit $errcode diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/vm/map_hugetlb.c b/tools/testing/selftests/vm/map_hugetlb.c index 9b777fa95f09..5a2d7b8efc40 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/vm/map_hugetlb.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/vm/map_hugetlb.c @@ -23,6 +23,14 @@ #define MAP_HUGETLB 0x40000 /* arch specific */ #endif +#ifndef MAP_HUGE_SHIFT +#define MAP_HUGE_SHIFT 26 +#endif + +#ifndef MAP_HUGE_MASK +#define MAP_HUGE_MASK 0x3f +#endif + /* Only ia64 requires this */ #ifdef __ia64__ #define ADDR (void *)(0x8000000000000000UL) @@ -58,12 +66,29 @@ static int read_bytes(char *addr) return 0; } -int main(void) +int main(int argc, char **argv) { void *addr; int ret; + size_t length = LENGTH; + int flags = FLAGS; + int shift = 0; + + if (argc > 1) + length = atol(argv[1]) << 20; + if (argc > 2) { + shift = atoi(argv[2]); + if (shift) + flags |= (shift & MAP_HUGE_MASK) << MAP_HUGE_SHIFT; + } + + if (shift) + printf("%u kB hugepages\n", 1 << shift); + else + printf("Default size hugepages\n"); + printf("Mapping %lu Mbytes\n", (unsigned long)length >> 20); - addr = mmap(ADDR, LENGTH, PROTECTION, FLAGS, -1, 0); + addr = mmap(ADDR, length, PROTECTION, flags, -1, 0); if (addr == MAP_FAILED) { perror("mmap"); exit(1); |